1. Changing Challenges for Homeland Security in Germany and Europe The Second SIPR Annual Conference and Annual Lecture 2nd September 2008 2nd September 2008 Jürgen Storbeck Director General for Homeland Security Ministry of the Interior of the Federal State of Brandenburg

2. Agenda 1Introduction 2New risks, new threats and new challenges 3New framework for law enforcement and security agencies 4Conclusion

3. 1 Introduction -Trends of the nineties have become reality -Globalisation -‚Global village‘ -New balance of power -Radicalisation of Islamic communities -Radicalisation of Islamic communities -Problems cannot be solved by a single State

4. 2 New risks, new threats and new challenges 2.1Political, economic and social crisis - Radicalisation, terrorism, criminalty - Political and economic instability - Non-integration of major ethnic communities

5. 2 New risks, new threats and new challenges 2.2Globalisation -As both major cause and motivation for terrorism -Interpreted by militant Islamist groups as a threat -Increases opportunities for terrorists and Organised Crime

6. 2 New risks, new threats and new challenges 2.3 Major regions in Europe without border controls -Vast area for free transport -Growing volumes of goods shipped worldwide makes interception of contraband difficult -Classic crime routes as the Balkan route have already partly been altered

7. 2 New risks, new threats and new challenges 2.4Vulnerability of our society due to -Complexity of systems -Dependence on IT/critical infrastructures -Aging society -Shift of social/economic activities to virtual world

8. 2 New risks, new threats and new challenges 2.5 Islamist terrorism – al-Qaida terrorism - Major threat for all EU Member States - Increasing number of EU Member States‘ nationals and residents are recruited for Jihad - Terrorist propaganda on Internet -Broad spectrum of potential types of attacks and means of operations

9. 2 New risks, new threats and new challenges 2.6Other terrorist groups -PKK -Territorialised terrorism (e.g. Palestine, Chechnya, Basque region)

10. 2 New risks, new threats and new challenges 2.7 Organised Crime (I) -Organised Crime dominates German and European criminal markets -Difficulty to control transport chains -Difficulty to control transport chains -Different criminal groups join their activities

11. 2 New risks, new threats and new challenges 2.7Organised Crime (II) -Specific modus operandi -Sophisticated measures to obstruct law enforcement activities -Developing linkages between Organised Crime and terrorist groups:

12. 2 New risks, new threats and new challenges 2.8IT criminality -IT as facilitator of traditional types of crime as fraud, illegal gambling, child pornography, etc. -New forms of crime: Hacking, spoofing, phishing, etc. -Dependence of business and banking systems on IT structures

13. 2 New risks, new threats and new challenges 2.9Gap between criminality and law enforcement -Difficulties of law enforcement and security agencies to keep abreast with latest developments -Shortcomings in technical, procedural and legal respects

14. 3 New framework for law enforcement and security agencies 3.1Political -European Union as common area of freedom, security and justice -European Security Strategy under development -Need for greater coordination between EU Foreign Policies and Justice and Home Affairs

15. 3 New framework for law enforcement and security agencies 3.2Legal -New national laws and international conventions, e.g. - EU Convention on assistance in the fight against Organised Crime -Pruem Treaty -Council of Europe Convention on corruption -However: -Slow ratification/harmonisation

16. 3 New framework for law enforcement and security agencies 3.3 Organisational/Structural -Two main (different) tendencies: -Creation of new specialised agencies for specific forms of crime -Reduction of regional police agencies and merger of law enforcement agencies -Reduction of regional police agencies and merger of law enforcement agencies

17. 3 New framework for law enforcement and security agencies 3.3.1Law enforcement without borders ? -Schengen Treaties -Prüm-Treaty -Joint Investigation Teams -Common databases and information systems

18. 3 New framework for law enforcement and security agencies 3.3.2Intelligence -Major efforts of EU to improve in the area of information gathering -Particular challenge for new Member States -Need to develop analytical competences and capabilities

19. 3 New framework for law enforcement and security agencies 3.4National response by the Federal Republic of Germany 3.4.1New programme for internal security -Current version dates back to 1994 -Intention to agree on new version before end of 2008

20. 3 New framework for law enforcement and security agencies 3.4.2Concept for protection of critical infrastructures -Pro-active and preventive approach concerning important infrastructures as airports, power plants, train systems, etc. -Involvement of competences and technologies of police, fire brigade and security services -Protection as well as restoration

21. 3 New framework for law enforcement and security agencies 3.4.3Security research -Public-private-partnership including universities and scientific institutes -Challenge: interlink of research community with producers and end users -Goal: to get a deeper insight in actual and future demands and raise the innovation level among researchers, producers and demanders

22. 3 New framework for law enforcement and security agencies 3.4.4Extremist criminality - Violence and use of illegal symbols by neo-Nazis -Zero tolerance concept

23. 3 New framework for law enforcement and security agencies 3.5 Selected global law enforcement initiatives 3.5.1Interpol -Facilitation of international police cooperation -Strengths: Global police communication system -Weaknesses: Competence, technical standards, willingness of members for cooperation

24. 3 New framework for law enforcement and security agencies 3.5.2EUPOL -Contribution to establishment of sustainable and effective policing arrangements -Mission activities -Monitoring -Mentoring -Advising

25. 3 New framework for law enforcement and security agencies 3.5.3EULEX -Provision of assistance to Kosovo judicial authorities and law enforcement agencies in developing/strengthening multi-ethnic institutions -EULEX is to replace UNMIK

26. 4 Conclusion 4 Conclusion (I) -Global and threatening dimension of criminality resulted in various national and international counter measures -However: no major breakthrough yet -Focus too much on terrorism, but not enough on Organised Crime

27. 4 Conclusion 4Conclusion (II) -Problem of terrorism not to be tackled only by law enforcement but involvement of whole society is necessary -Problem of terrorism not to be tackled only by law enforcement but involvement of whole society is necessary -Dynamic partnerships at European and global level -New thinking required