1. Monitoring of Platform31," EnergySprong" projects Wouter Borsboom, TNO "Monitoring results nearly and net energy dwellings". Thanks to Platform31 team: Ivo Opstelten, Niels Sijpheer Jeffrey Mennen and TNO: Marcel van Vliet, Piet Jacobs, Peter de Jong, RIGO: Kees Leidelmeijer, Esther Cozijnsen and Van Beek: Erik de Liege, and Impromet.

2. Energy leap program Innovation-implementation program “Energiesprong” (Energy leap in English) focuses on the development of marketable propositions for energy neutral (on the meter) buildings which are affordable, profitable for the building industry, provide good living conditions and realize the promised performance characteristics. Wouter Borsboom, Monitoring results NZEB 2

3. Monitoring program Energy leap Integral monitoring of demonstration projects is an important part of this program. 200 dwellings including Net Zero Energy will be monitored by: Smart meters gas Smart meters electricity Temperatures living room, sleeping room Outdoor climate (through weather stations) Questionnaires Blowerdoor, infrared, inspections. Wouter Borsboom, Monitoring results NZEB 3

4. Can we built comfortable Net Zero Energy dwellings at a reasonable price, and of good quality which perform as promised? Wouter Borsboom, Monitoring results NZEB 4

5. Comfort: Simulation shows possible overheating in many concepts Wouter Borsboom, Monitoring results NZEB 5 Air tight + heat recovery Air tight and heat recovery Kerkrade Passive house renovation + night ventilation + overhang Rc value Facade Primary Energy demand MJ/year

6. Example 1: no passive cooling measures Montferland Floor, Roof, Façade insulation of Rc=6 Heating: Combination of gas boiler and air/water heat pump No passive cooling, some houses have active cooling (heat pump) Survey: 58 % satisfying temperatures in the bed rooms during the summer, 8% too hot, 17 % sometimes to hot and 17% fluctuating temperatures. Wouter Borsboom, Monitoring results NZEB 6

7. Example 2: passive cooling measures Kerkrade Floor Rc=5, Roof Rc=10, Façade Rc=7 Heating: gas boiler, ventilation with heat recovery Passive cooling: overhang + night ventilation Survey: 95% of tenants stated temperature improved after renovation Wouter Borsboom, Monitoring results NZEB 7

8. Example 3 Active cooling measures Montferland Floor Rc=3,5, Roof Rc=5, Façade Rc=4 Heating and Cooling: Ground source heat pump No passive cooling measures Cooling is used to balance ground source Wouter Borsboom, Monitoring results NZEB 8 Coolling load T setpoint Cooling load / ground source regeneration during data collection Cooling load (GJ) Temperature (C)

9. Summer comfort is possible in NZEB dwellings A good strategy has to be chosen: Passive measures to prevent cooling load or In case of ground source heat pump cooling can be used to balance the ground source. Wouter Borsboom, Monitoring results NZEB 9

10. Reasonable price Energy cost in Dutch houses is about 45.000 Euro in 15 years (6,4 Million Japanese Yen) Wouter Borsboom, Monitoring results NZEB 10

11. Development in retrofitting Time 130.000 100.000 80.000 Zero on the meter Integral renovation costs incl. VAT Integral renovation costs incl. VAT Roosendaal 2010 60.000 Kerkrade 2011 Apeldoorn 2012 Wouter Borsboom, Monitoring results NZEB 11

12. Energy related costs renovation Energy leap projects Wouter Borsboom, Monitoring results NZEB 12 Primairy Energy use (GJ/m 2 ) Energy related costs

13. First Results Rijswijk Buiten (NOM) 13 Wouter Borsboom, Monitoring results NZEB Dwellin g Use (meter) Supply (meter) Differ ence Yield PVActual use A2342-3122-78032002420 B2328-3079-75136002849 C1639-3333-169435001806 D2087-3141-105434002346 E3135-3011+12434003524 PV + Ground source heat pump + energy efficient appliances Energy use and supply in kWh after about 11 months: Dwelling E: High set point temperature of 23,5 °C Net zero energy seems possible in the current year. Homeowner pays Klimaatgarant about 100 Euro/month for 25 years of proper functioning of the installations.

14. Wouter Borsboom, Monitoring results NZEB 14 Reasonable costs: Combination boiler and air/water heat pump Yearly electricity use Montferland is about 30 percent higher then calculated Calculation Monitoring Yearly Electricity use (kWH)

15. Electricity costs for some houses are much higher Differences in electricity use design versus monitoring is on average 30%, in individual cases up to 90%. This leads to some cases of a higher use of 2000 kWh more and 37 Euro/month extra. (5300 Yen/month) Interesting to evaluate the performance of the air/water heat pump and user influence (opening of windows etc). 15 Wouter Borsboom, Monitoring results NZEB

16. 16 Reasonable costs: yearly gas use Kerkrade is about 10 percent higher then calculated Calculation Monitoring Yearly gas use (kWH)

17. Gas costs for some houses are higher in Kerkrade Average difference between calculation and monitoring is about 10 percent. Individual cases of 230 m³/year and 12 Euro/month (1712 yen/month Possible explanation is window use 17 Wouter Borsboom, Monitoring results NZEB

18. Analyse window use Kerkrade Windows are observed during winter for a month at 10:00, 13:00 and 17:00 18 Average open windows per dwelling during observation Gas use during winter time (m 3 ) Wouter Borsboom, Monitoring results NZEB

19. New wireless sensor sets will be used in other projects Server 19 Wouter Borsboom, Monitoring results NZEB

20. Possible explanation window use Temperature can be maintained by gas boiler Complaints ventilation system leads to low ventilation rates (1/3 dissatisfied tenants) Recirculation cooker hoods can explain use of doors during cooking This can lead to higher energy bills (up to 150 Euro (21000 Yen) a year, for low income tenants. 20 Wouter Borsboom, Monitoring results NZEB

21. Reasonable costs seems possible in the near future First results of NOM project “Rijswijk Buiten” looks positive. Be careful towards low income tenants. Rents are raised in some projects beyond the saving of energy costs after renovation because of the improved quality. Net income is already low, and energy costs can fluctuate on an individual base. In Kerkrade 63 percent is satisfied with the rent, 35 percent states that it is too much. Wouter Borsboom, Monitoring results NZEB 21

22. How to control quality: Built Transparantly (Bouwtransparant) (NL) Check of the Energy performance calculation Near Infrared pictures Blower door and smoke tests Ventilation Flow Indicative noise measurement Tools for assessment of construction mistakes Estimation Energy losses Wouter Borsboom, Monitoring results NZEB 22

23. Causes of leakages avoidable, mostly in the same spots. Wouter Borsboom, Monitoring results NZEB 23 Results in 13 nearly zero energy projects

24. Most common spots to check: Chimney and roof outlets Wouter Borsboom, Monitoring results NZEB 24

25. Most common spots to check: Air leakages at windows and window frames Wouter Borsboom, Monitoring results NZEB 25

26. Typical distribution of leakages Wouter Borsboom, Monitoring results NZEB 26

27. No obvious relations between number of leakages, types of leakages or building mistakes Wouter Borsboom, Monitoring results NZEB 27

28. Effect of airtightness on gas use for space heating calculated with constant air tightness distribution (NEN 7120) Gas use (m 3 ) 0 1 2 3 4 ACH Dwelling with high U value of building envelope Lower U value of building envelope Dwelling type Wouter Borsboom, Monitoring results NZEB 28 Calculation of the effect of non compliance of air tightness

29. There is a clear need for quality control Higher infiltration can not only lead to more energy use but also a need for more installed power for heating or cooling. There are also other reasons for quality control: proper functioning of the building and installation and prevention of cold spots which can lead to moisture and mould (mold) grow. Wouter Borsboom, Monitoring results NZEB 29

30. Performance guarantee, how to check? ParameterRequirementMethod examplewhen TemperatureMax. 300 hour PMV > 0,5 (+/-. 26,5 °C) calculationDesign phase Airtightness q v,10 < 0,4 dm 3 /(s m 2 ) Blowerdoor testcompletion Sound< 30 dBmeasurementcompletion Electricity ventil.Energy calculationmeasurementcompletion Elektr. Heat pump< … kWh/yearSeparat meteruse Elektra User< … kWh/year(smart) meter datause PV yeald> … kWh/yearSeparat product. meteruse Heat loss coef.< … W/KSmart meter datause Dom. Hot water< … GJ/yearSmart meter datause 30 Wouter Borsboom, Monitoring results NZEB

31. Performance guarantee: need for cost effective monitoring technology Wouter Borsboom, Monitoring results NZEB 31 Monitoring of Rijswijk Buiten Independent ‒ Smart meters Manufacturer monitoring systems of heat pumps and ventilation (Itho): ‒ Indoor temperature ‒ Thermostat Set point ‒ Heat pump efficiency (COP) ‒ Power consumption by heat pump Manufacturing monitoring system of PV panels ‒ KWh Output Need for inexpensive ways to monitor/validate the performance of systems: Huge challenge for industry and research institutes

32. Heating demand and COP based on manufacturer performance monitoring “Rijswijk Buiten” Outside temperature above 0 °C Wouter Borsboom, Monitoring results NZEB 32 Heat supply (year) Heat supply (GJ) COP during data collection COP DHW COP SH

33. We can built satisfying NZEB dwellings at a reasonable price, with comfort and of good quality which are reliable in the near future. But we have to learn by doing Thanks for your attention Wouter Borsboom, Monitoring results NZEB 33