1. Presented by: Lucy Batista Louise Bigourdin Janna Kostiuk

2. three things “It has become clear that trying to force students to learn or behave responsibly is hopeless. Schools would do far better if they emphasized three things that have been shown to produce the results we want” -William Glasser

3. The Three Things… curriculum genuinely attractive 1. Provide a curriculum that is genuinely attractive to students non-coercive discipline 2. Use non-coercive discipline to help students make responsible choices that lead to personal success quality 3. Strongly emphasize quality in all aspects of teaching and learning

4. “We simply can not expect students to work and behave properly in school unless they believe that if they do some work, they will be able to satisfy their needs enough so that it makes sense to keep working.” -William Glasser

5. Some Basic Principles of Choice Theory Student behaviour is determined by student choice not teacher control All we do is behave Almost all behavior is chosen We are driven by our genes to satisfy our five basic needs

6. Choice Theory in the Classroom… The use of team learning and collaboration creates excitement for learning Provide opportunities for students to take an active role in their learning Ask students to identify what they would like to explore in depth; they must also be able to explain why it is valuable Use of inquiry projects

7. Discussion… 1. What choices do you regularly provide students in your classroom? 2. Would students say that you provide them with opportunities to make choices and decisions? 3. Do you believe that a classroom climate is enhanced when students feel they have some choice? Dr. Robert Brooks

8. basic needs “Students will not willingly engage in schoolwork unless if offers interesting activities to meet their basic needs for security, belonging, power, fun and freedom.” - William Glasser

9. “The only parts I don’t like about school are the subjects.”

10. Basic Needs… Survival Survival – school environment is safe and free from personal threat Belonging Belonging – receive attention from the teacher and others and participate actively in class concerns Power Power – when students are asked to participate in decision making about topics covered, procedures in class, class duties, work and talk with others, interesting activities Freedom Freedom – allow students to make responsible choices of what and how to study, and then how they will demonstrate that Fun Fun – when activities are of genuine interest to students, they are more likely to engage in their learning

11. Quality Teaching Provide a warm, supportive classroom climate lead teaching Use lead teaching rather than boss teaching Ask students only to do work that is useful Always ask the students to do the best they can Ask students to evaluate work they have done and improve it quality work Help students recognize that doing quality work makes them feel good Help students see that quality work is never destructive to oneself, others, or the environment

12. Four Essentials of Lead Teachers 1. Constantly engage students in discussions of what quality is. 2. Model activities so students know what is expected, and seek suggestions for changing or improving upon the activity. 3. Negotiate with students criteria to assess quality work and ask students to self-assess according to these established criteria. 4. Ensure students are provided with: the necessary conditions, a safe environment, the appropriate skills, and a non coercive atmosphere. www.leading-learning.co.nz

13. “We can not control anyone besides ourselves. We cannot “make” students do anything, but we can influence them to do things that lead to better behavior and increased success.” - William Glasser

14. Quality Teaching Related to Discipline avoid adversarial position work with students to establish standards of conduct in the classroom natural discussions about class behavior get students to decide what should happen when behavior agreements are broken. ask students, “What can I do to help?” when agreements and consequences are established then all should sign it hold class meetings

15. How to Intervene When Rules are Broken… Interventions should be non-punitive Acknowledge there is a problem Attach no emotion Let them know that you will help when the child has calmed down If the child does not calm down then they are asked to “time out” of the lesson (move to another table). He/she can move back to their spot when they are calm Discuss the problem when time allows Spend no time finding out whose fault it is You are only looking for a solution “What were you doing?” How can we work things out so this won’t happen again?”

16. “Glasser believes most problems between teachers and students are caused by unsatisfactory relationships.”

17. seven deadly habits Avoid the seven deadly habits in teaching: seven connecting habits: Replace them with the seven connecting habits: Criticizing Blaming Complaining Nagging Threatening Punishing Rewarding students to control them Caring Listening Supporting Contributing Encouraging Trusting Befriending

18. “A major role of teachers is to help students make the behaviour choices that lead to proper behavior and high-quality learning.” -William Glasser

19. Current Events… critical eye Watch the following video clip with a critical eye. According to Glasser’s Choice Theory, what would he argue? Do you agree or disagree? http://www.cbc.ca/canada/manitoba/story/20 10/05/06/man-late-assignments-docked.html http://www.cbc.ca/canada/manitoba/story/20 10/05/06/man-late-assignments-docked.html

20. Critical Debate: “Ask students to do their best work on the assignments. Do not grade their work, because grades suggest to students that the work is finished.” “Nobody will fail or receive a low grade… The primary objective is to do competent work. Encourage students to work for higher quality to help them learn what it feels like to do A level work.” William Glasser “Allan certainly has heard a lot of reaction from Manitobans who want students to get used to the demands of the real world they will enter after graduation.” “We live in a world in which students will have employers who expect them to be on time and meet deadlines. Education Minister Nancy Allan

21. Criticisms Glasser’s Beliefs Critical Points No Fail Policy/Revision Process Student Choice Befriending Students No real deadlines Teachers afraid of giving up control Standards testing/Meeting curricular outcomes Teachers not viewed as authority figure

22. Discussion… CASE: Kristina Will Not Work Kristina, a student in Mr. Jake’s class, is quite docile. She socializes little with other students and never disrupts lessons. However, despite Mr. Jake’s best efforts, Kristina will not do her work. She rarely completes an assignment. She is simply there, putting forth no effort at all. What would Glasser suggest to help Kristin and Mr. Jake?

23. How to Help Kristina Using Choice Theory Mr. Jake needs to… Think carefully about the classroom program, determine whether the are obstacles impeding Kristina's basic needs Discuss the situation with Kristina (no blaming, noting the no productivity and asking how he can help) Show interest in her and be willing to be her friend. Talk to her in a friendly and courteous way about non school matters Encourage and support her

24. Resources … Books written by Glasser: Other Resources 1965 – 1985 Reality Therapy: A new approach to Psychiatry 1969 – Schools without Failure 1986 – Control Theory in the Classroom 1996 – changed the name to Choice Theory 1998 – The Quality School: Managing Students without Coercion Choice Theory in the Classroom The Quality School Teacher 2001 – Every Student can Succeed Dr. Robert Brooks