1. ENEA APPROACHES TO SUPERCOMPUTING AND CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURES PROTECTION Sandro Bologna, Silvio Migliori, Andrea Quintiliani, Vittorio Rosato ENEA bologna@casaccia.enea.it ENEA VISIT TO US Washington DC, July 15-16, 2004

2. www.enea.it

3. ENEA Italian Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Environment. 12 research centres in Italy An ICT & Networks Division (INFO) 6 Computer Centres Casaccia, Frascati, Bologna,Trisaia, Portici, Brindisi Multiplatform resources for serial & parallel computing and graphical post-processing. Others computer resources in ENEA: departments & individuals Centro di Brindisi

4. ENEA GRID Computational resources Frascati(6), Portici(4),Trisaia(4), Brindisi(4) 5018Windows Casaccia (SV1/1A) 1916Unicos[Cray] Trisaia(4), Casaccia(2), Bologna(2) 108Solaris Frascati(8), Casaccia(4), Portici(1),Trisaia(8), Brindisi(1), Bologna(5) 4026IRIX-SGI Casaccia 20080Linux Alpha Frascati(28), Casaccia(14), Portici(4),Trisaia(4), Brindisi(4) 10054Linux x86 Frascati(66), Bologna(8), Portici(18) 27592AIX SitesGflops#cpuPlatform OS Portici, Brindisi & Trisaia resources were recently increased in the framework of TELEGRID Project [PON] Linux ?????~5000 One among: Portici,Trisaia, Brindisi new

5. ENEA-GRID has been in development since 1998 and is now an integrated infrastructure: offering a production quality, service oriented system covering most of the computational resources belonging to ENEA INFO Scientific Computation Service, connected in a Wide Area Network. providing a unified user environment and an homogeneous access method for all ENEA researchers irrespective of their location implementing tools to facilitate the integration of department and individual resources and support to experimental facilities ENEA GRID

6. DB_1 CPUS ENEA GRID WEB ICA SSH DNA Sequence system ( ABI Prism 3700) Trisaia DB_3 DB_2 Electronic Microscope (Brindisi) 300 KeV (sept. 2004) ENEA GRID and experimental facilities Controlled Nuclear Fusion: FTU Frascati Tokamak Upgrade Video Acquisition

7. European Regional Development Fund (Structural Funds) Objective 1: development and structural adjustment of regions that are lagging behind. Regions eligible are those whose per capita GDP is less than 75% of the Community average. Total budget for years 2000-06: 50 billion € (~ 60 billion US$). Budget for R&D National Operational Plan: ~ 4% of total: 2 billion € (~ 2.4 billion US$). Over 80% of the budget is public funding (EU and national).

8. R&D National Operational Plan Three main strategic themes: 1.Promotion of R&D and innovation in industry, especially in Regional strategic sectors; 2.Strengthening of local scientific institutions through infrastructures, instruments, networks; 3.Development of human capital (education and training of highly skilled workers). Forthcoming call for projects: Set-up/ strengthening of high performance computing facilities in Universities or public research Institutions for: Computational modeling in physics, chemistry, nanotechnologies, biotechnologies, environmental sciences, material sciences, interdependencies and systems of systems, etc.; Management and processing of very large databases; Immersive simulation.

9. ENEA FaMoS – Multilayer Modelling Activities Topology Model and Analysis nodes and arcs in the net State Machine Model and Analysis processes and links in the net National Electrical Power Transmission Infrastructure Telecomunication Infrastructure Oil/Gas Transport System Infrastructure Foreign Electrical Transmission Infrastructure Interdependency Model and Simulation all the links with the other nets Physical Model and Simulation generators, transformers, breakers, connecting cables etc Dynamic Model and Analysis processes and links in the net

10. ENEA FaMoS – Multilayer Modelling Activities Topology Model and Analysis nodes and arcs in the net State Machine Model and Analysis processes and links in the net National Electrical Power Transmission Infrastructure Telecomunication Infrastructure Oil/Gas Transport System Infrastructure Foreign Electrical Transmission Infrastructure Interdependency Model and Simulation all the links with the other nets Physical Model and Simulation generators, transformers, breakers, connecting cables etc Dynamic Model and Analysis processes and links in the net will make use of the latest results on complex systems theory to analyse the network’s property and to understand the emergent behaviors that can take place in the network

11. ENEA FaMoS – Multilayer Modelling Activities Topology Model and Analysis nodes and arcs in the net State Machine Model and Analysis processes and links in the net National Electrical Power Transmission Infrastructure Telecomunication Infrastructure Oil/Gas Transport System Infrastructure Foreign Electrical Transmission Infrastructure Interdependency Model and Simulation all the links with the other nets Physical Model and Simulation generators, transformers, breakers, connecting cables etc Dynamic Model and Analysis processes and links in the net will make use of complementary risk assessment methods to estimate the probability of unwanted incident that may lead to undesired states

12. ENEA FaMoS – Multilayer Modelling Activities Topology Model and Analysis nodes and arcs in the net State Machine Model and Analysis processes and links in the net National Electrical Power Transmission Infrastructure Telecomunication Infrastructure Oil/Gas Transport System Infrastructure Foreign Electrical Transmission Infrastructure Interdependency Model and Simulation all the links with the other nets Physical Model and Simulation generators, transformers, breakers, connecting cables etc Dynamic Model and Analysis processes and links in the net will make use of logical and qualitative approaches to optimize the network in the presence of different type of constraints

13. ENEA FaMoS – Multilayer Modelling Activities Topology Model and Analysis nodes and arcs in the net State Machine Model and Analysis processes and links in the net National Electrical Power Transmission Infrastructure Telecomunication Infrastructure Oil/Gas Transport System Infrastructure Foreign Electrical Transmission Infrastructure Interdependency Model and Simulation all the links with the other nets Physical Model and Simulation generators, transformers, breakers, connecting cables etc Dynamic Model and Analysis processes and links in the net will model the grid dynamics over a range of different geographic and time domains

14. ENEA FaMoS – Multilayer Modelling Activities Topology Model and Analysis nodes and arcs in the net State Machine Model and Analysis processes and links in the net National Electrical Power Transmission Infrastructure Telecomunication Infrastructure Oil/Gas Transport System Infrastructure Foreign Electrical Transmission Infrastructure Interdependency Model and Simulation all the links with the other nets Physical Model and Simulation generators, transformers, breakers, connecting cables etc Dynamic Model and Analysis processes and links in the net will establish probable correlation among different networks to understand cascading failures or unknown and emergent behaviours

15. SOCIO-COGNITIVE ENGINEERING APPROACH : Human Errors Copy rights: High-Intelligence & Decision Research Group, CAMO, ENEA, http://erg4146.casaccia.enea.it Author: Adam Maria Gadomski, 8/10/2003http://erg4146.casaccia.enea.it Large Complex Critical Infrastructure (LCCI) Technological Grid Human Errors Organisation Human component Physical component Cyber component

16. WHERE WE ARE Proof-of-principles phase Do we really need Supercomputing in Critical Infrastructures Protection and WHY?

17. COMPUTING REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DIFFERENT LEVELS OF MODELLING Level DescriptionAlgorithmicsScalingRequirements to the target platform ENEA goals (what we are going to realize) 1  Static topology  Fine-grain structure  BLAS3  graph analysis  spectral analysis ~N 3  large memory  high commun. bandwidth  low commun. latency  Topology analyzer  Support of network's design  Assessment of "static" vulnerability 2  Status of the processes running on the static topology  Petri nets  Markov chain  Bayesian nets ~K N  large memory  different operating systems  Processes status analyzer  Assessment of “dynamic” vulnerability and performances 3  Load associated to each process running on the topology  ODF  Linear systems solvers ~N 3  large # computing nodes  "Logical" models for the dynamic simulation of the network 4  Physical grid simulation supporting optimization and network management  optimization strategies (GA, SA)  physical grid solvers ~ k k  large # computing nodes  Tool for optimizing the network function  Decision support tool for network's reconfiguration 5  Infrastructures Interdependencies  Agent Based Simulation N.A.  GRID Computing  Large # computing nodes  Simulation Environment for Interdependencies Analysis 6  Interactions between human networks and technological networks  Graph analysis  Multi-agent simulation  TOGA N.A.  GRID Computing  Large # computing nodes  Simulation of the interactions between human networks and technological networks N= nodes of the networkk= # of the degrees of freedom of the variable control elements

18. How could we manage the interplay between different actors in the vulnerability and interdependencies playground? Energy Weather Forecast Transport Telecomm. ENEA EnergyTransport Weather Forecast Telecomm. ENEA 1st scenario 1st scenario: ENEA acts as a joint research Lab for vulnerability and interdependencies studies 2nd scenario 2nd scenario: ENEA is a shared technological partner among different actors

19. Have you defined priorities in the analysis of vulnerability of Have you defined priorities in the analysis of vulnerability of: Energy Communications Mobility Environmental monitoring Weather and geological forecast Which kind of events do you consider in vulnerability assessments (physical, cyber, human, all together,……) ? Which tools do you use for vulnerability and interdependencies analysis? Which types of computing platform do you use for these purpose? QUESTIONS

20. US and ITALY Cooperation on S&T (in place) NSF-ITR and EU-IST Cooperation (in place) The NATO Programme for Security Through Science (Workshops, Linkage Grants, Expert Visits, etc……..) Specific support to ENEA initiatives POSSIBLE TOOLS FOR FUTURE COOPERATION