1.  The Indispensable Component of Cyber Security: The Dynamics of an Effective Cyber Cooperation Prof. Nazife Baykal Director of METU Informatics Institute baykal@metu.edu.tr

2. Cooperation  What is ‘cooperation’?  ‘Togetherness’  ‘for their mutual benefit’  Cooperation in cyber security  The magical concept of ‘trust’

3. Cooperation: Why so important?  Cyberspace: Extremely connected  Security & Safety: Impossible to provide alone  Maintained & developed by private sector, regulated by governments, research & development by the academia.

4. Cooperation: Emphasized  US President Obama’s Executive Order: Improving Critical Infrastructure Cybersecurity emphasized cooperation  Initiatives by NATO, EU and other international organizations.

5. An Irony: Cooperation Exists But Always Talked About  Cooperation examples everywhere yet we still talk about the ‘need’ for cooperation.  The need for cooperation repeated – Only minor examples are shown  Many cooperation efforts are piecemeal & target specific issues, not the ‘big picture’  Mostly born out of necessities – Quick and small consequences

6. Problematic Aspects Preventing An ‘Ideal’ Cooperation GovernmentAcademiaIndustry Reluctance for Information Sharing & Lack of Trust Focusing on short-term economic gains A Lack of Full Trust

7. Required for Cooperation: Sacrifice  Sacrifice: A radical yet proper concept  Not focusing on short term results and interests  Cooperation needs compromises  A compromise where everyone wins

8. Dimensions of an Ideal Effective Cooperation Trust Risk- Sharing Cost- Sharing Commitment S

9. Dimension I: Trust  Basic dimension  The foundation and starting point of effective cyber cooperation  Can be built upon the existing experiences of having securely and effectively worked with each other.

10. Dimension II: Risk-Sharing  Every step brings about risks  All the parties should be ready and willing to face and share risks  Examples: investments might fail in the short run or violations of data privacy might occur  Even the success itself might be a risk

11. Dimension III: Cost-Sharing  Cost-sharing: third major dimension of the ideal cooperation  Necessary steps of the cooperation in the cyber domain involves costs  All the actors should be ready to take on economic responsibilities on their part.  Example: The industry should be willing to work with research and development projects

12. Dimension IV: Commitment  Commitment of the actors: the last dimension of the ideal cooperation  The commitment to the responsibilities till the end is a major component of the process  Commitment helps the other dimensions be carried out into real life and gain their full meaning.

13. Four Major Dimensions: Cooperation Process TrustRisk-Sharing Cost- Sharing Commitment

14. Results of Effective Cooperation  Such a cooperation is full of promises  A better capacity building to combat the threats we face on cyber arena  A strong cooperation vision  Better awareness  Sharing lessons learned  Increased research and development

15. Thank you.