1. A Design Model using Mutation Shape Emergence HYUN-AH, CHOI and HAN-JONG, JUN Focusing on mutational emergent shapes Hanyang University, Department of Architectural Engineering Cyber Architecture Design Lab.

2. PART 1: Motivation & Purpose PART 2: Mutation Shape Emergence PART 3: Empirical Study PART 4: Design Process Model PART 5: Conclusion & Future work Contents

3. Cyber Architecture Design Lab. 1. Motivation & Purpose 1. Drawings and sketches produced in the design process would stimulate the transformations of thought to guide the creative thinking by providing various visual cues. 2.Those features which are not explicitly represented but emerge through design process are called ‘emergent’. These emergent features help to create a novel and different design. 3. The ability to recognize properties and characteristics of artefacts which were not anticipated in the early stage of design would be considered an important aspect of human visual perception in creative thinking. 4. This study aims at presenting a design model based on the cognitive mechanism discovering mutational emergent shapes as an extended theory of shape emergence. 5. Computational model of mutation shape emergence will be developed based on this design model.

4. 2. Mutational Emergent Shapes Primary Shapes Re-interpretation Emergence Emergent shape Shape Emergence Unintentional perception of patterns from the representation Process of finding other shapes derivable from the initial shape Shapes are present but unrecognized or implicit in the initial drawn shapes New Shapes Shape Emergence Cyber Architecture Design Lab. (A) Primary Shape(B) Emergent Shape

5. 2. Mutational Emergent Shapes Cyber Architecture Design Lab. 2-1. Definition Gene Mutation Genetics Design System The Phenomenon of genes changing at random. A basic factor of hereditary diversity and evolution. An action of changing features or attributes of an object or a concept in an unconventional manner A mechanism that makes possible the creative thinking in the diversity of shapes’ discovery BACDEF A B C DE F X Gene Property MutationMutant New Phenotype New Shape Shapes Genetics

6. 2. Mutational Emergent Shapes Cyber Architecture Design Lab. 2-1. Definition Heterogeneous mutational Emergent Shapes Homogeneous mutational Emergent Shapes Mutation of physical properties occur but the new shape has heterogeneous representation from primary shape Mutation of physical properties occur but the new shape has homogeneous representation of a primary shape

7. 2. Mutational Emergent Shapes Cyber Architecture Design Lab. 2-2. Discovering Mutational Emergent Shapes Discovering Process of Heterogeneous Mutational Emergent Shapes Discovering Process of Homogeneous Mutational Emergent Shapes

8. 2. Mutational Emergent Shapes Cyber Architecture Design Lab. 2-3. Classification of Emergent Shapes and Mutational Emergent shapes (C) Mutational closed emergent shapes: shapes are both closed and discovered by mutation of physical properties of primary shapes. (A) Explicit closed emergent shapes : shapes are both closed and existed in explicit properties of primary shapes (B) Implicit closed emergent shapes: shapes are closed but not necessarily existed in explicit properties of primary shapes. These shapes can also be defined by extending lines and connecting vertices.

9. Cyber Architecture Design Lab. Purpose of experiment To explore the possibility of discovering mutational emergent shapes in design process Participant 7 participants who were graduate students of Department of Architecture Primary Shape Laboratory Setting 3-1. Empirical Study 1 3. Empirical Studies

10. Cyber Architecture Design Lab. Procedure of Experiment Outcomes Explanation Of Experiment Think Aloud Reports Retrospective Reports 10 Minutes 40 Minutes Camera 1Camera 2 Sketches Verbal data 3-1. Empirical Study 1 3. Empirical Studies

11. Cyber Architecture Design Lab. Analyzing the first experimentation – Participant 3 09:30 Hmmm, This is.. 09:35 09:40 09:45 09:50 Ah, here comes quarter circle… 09:55 I think this shape can be made using by quarter circle.. 09:60 … Time Think Aloud Reports Sketch 3-1. Empirical Study 1 3. Empirical Studies

12. Cyber Architecture Design Lab. Analyzing the first experimentation – Participant 5 3-1. Empirical Study 1 3. Empirical Studies 03:20 Now how about starting with the rectangle.. 03:25 Now I find four points for mid points of segments if I draw a circle 03:30 This new shape and this rectangle … 03:35 We can make a shape with circle and rectangle Time Think Aloud Reports Sketch

13. Cyber Architecture Design Lab. The purpose of experimentation Participant 104 participants who are undergraduate or graduate students of school of Architecture To determine the degree of difficulty in recognizing the mutational emergent shapes To analyze the cognitive process of mutational emergent shapes 15 Minutes Sketches Questionnaires Explanation Of Experimentation Preliminaries Outcomes Degree of Difficulty Test Free Sketch Test 3-2. Empirical Study 2 3. Empirical Studies

14. Cyber Architecture Design Lab. A. Degree of Difficulty Test 104 (Person) 8060 4020 0 Problem Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Very Easy Easy Normal Difficult Very Difficult 20 28 25 21 10 102 2 11 15 23 35 20 30 19 26 20 9 100 4 23 17 21 30 13 91 6 6 1 22 18 24 26 14 74 10 12 7 1 3-2. Empirical Study 2 3. Empirical Studies

15. Cyber Architecture Design Lab. B. Free Sketch Test 3-2. Empirical Study 2 3. Empirical Studies Homogeneous Mutational Emergent Shapes Heterogeneous Mutational Emergent Shapes

16. Cyber Architecture Design Lab. Although mutational emergent shapes are not easy to discover as seen in the test on the degree of difficulty, participants could analogize such shape by means of sketching. Mutational emergent shapes are discovered resulting from mutation of the new properties stemming from the primary shape. Participants came up with new shapes by using implicit and/or explicit properties of primary shapes such as mid points, contact points, angle points and n-section points. Participant 3 -> Center point Participant 5 -> Contact Point Empirical study 1 Empirical study 2 Heterogeneous mutational emergent shape More difficult than from the explicit closed 8.9% of possibility to discover Able to distinguish to Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Mutational Emergent Shape 3-3. Results and Discussion 3. Empirical Studies

17. Cyber Architecture Design Lab. 4. Process Model Primary Shapes De - structuring Unstructured properties Mutation of properties Re-interpretation Re-structuring Emergent properties Mutational Emergent shapes A process model of mutational emergent shape

18. Cyber Architecture Design Lab. The process where new properties are discovered through multiple representation The process of breaking down primary shape to individual properties based on intended representation Unstructured properties Mutation of properties Re-interpretation De-structuring Mutational emergent shapes Re-structuring Emergent properties Primary shapes 4. Process Model

19. Cyber Architecture Design Lab. 5. Conclusions and Future Work 1.Mutational emergent shapes are defined as extended theory of shape emergence. 2. Through the two empirical studies, we found out the facts that mutational emergent shape is discovered and adapted for the development of sketches in design. Additionally, its cognitive mechanism was analysed. 3. On the basis of cognitive mechanism, a process model of mutation shape emergence was suggested. Further research work is necessary to explore the design process at the practical level with the use of mutational emergent shapes. Concrete steps of representation of mutational emergent shapes should be suggested for computation of mutation shape emergence.