1. Nuclear Weapons: The Final Pandemic Preventing Proliferation and Achieving Abolition Changing views of the biological effects of low-level ionizing radiation Steve Wing Associate Professor of Epidemiology University of North Carolina School of Public Health

2. Brenner et al., 2003, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

12. Lifetime Cumulative DoseDose at Ages 45+ Oak Ridge National Laboratory External Radiation and Cancer Deaths, 1943-1990 Based on Richardson & Wing, Int J Epidemiol, 28:428-436, 1999

13. Estimated association between cumulative radiation dose (3-yr lag) and mortality due to leukemia. LeukemiaLeukemia-CLLMyeloid Leukemia Males & Females ERR/10 mSv0.0410.0770.123 90% CI-0.001, 0.1160.014, 0.1980.021, 0.354 LRT (  2, 1 d.f.) 2.504.925.14 Males only ERR/10 mSv0.0440.0820.136 90% CI0.000, 0.1230.016, 0.2110.025, 0.395 LRT (  2, 1 d.f.) 2.725.225.54 Richardson & Wing, American Journal of Epidemiology, 2007

14. Time since exposure LeukemiaLeukemia-CLLMyeloid Leukemia 3-<15 years ERR/10 mSv0.2800.3690.437 90% CI0.021, 0.7280.003, 1.046<0, 1.598 LRT (  2, 1 d.f.) 3.342.781.74 15-<30 years ERR/10 mSv0.0120.0090.013 90% CI<0, 0.109<0, 0.167<0, 0.364 LRT (  2, 1 d.f.) 0.070.020.01 30+ years ERR/10 mSv-0.0030.1040.211 90% CI<0, 0.151<0, 0.458<0, 1.192 LRT (  2, 1 d.f.) 0.000.980.86 Association between mortality due to leukemia among male SRS workers and cumulative radiation dose accrued in 3 exposure time windows

15. 15 country studyA-bomb survivors (men ages 20-60 ATB) SRS study No. cancers ERR/Sv (90%CI) No. cancers ERR/Sv (90%CI) No. cancers ERR/Sv (90%CI) 1961.93 (<0, 7.14) 833.15* (1.79, 5.18) 627.70 (1.40, 19.80) Excess relative risk per Sv for leukemia excluding CLL for A-bomb survivors, workers included in the IARC 15-country study, and for SRS workers * Derived via a linear ERR model adjusted for age, calendar period, and city

16. Alice Stewart’s model of exposure age and cancer risk Stewart, A. Environmental Health Perspectives, 108:93-96, 2000

25. Pierce et al. Radiation Research, 167:735-741, 2007

26. Alternative Descriptions of Age-at-Exposure Effects on Solid Cancer Incidence, Life Span Study, 1958-1998 Preston et al., Radiation Research, 168:1-64, 2007 age at exposure

27. Prevalence Odds Ratios for “Multifactorial Disease” in Relation to Parental Radiation Doses: Clinical Health Study of Children of A-bomb Survivors Relative odds per Gy, 95% CI Female offspringMale offspring Mother’s dose0.98 0.83 – 1.16 0.97 0.81 – 1.17 Father’s dose1.04 0.90 – 1.21 0.76 0.65 – 0.89 RERF, Report on the Health Effects Study of the Children of A-bomb Survivors, March, 2007

28. Source: US Department of Energy, Closing the Circle on the Splitting of the Atom, 1996