1. Elena Aguilar AP Literature Period 3 MEDIEVAL CLERKS

2.  Classes were divided into four major categories: -The King and Royal Court -Nobility -Commons:  Guilds, Merchants and Cottage Industries, City Leaders and Professionals and Peasants -The Church:  Bishops, Monks and Nuns, Clerks, Friars, Canons, and Parsons SOCIAL CLASSES IN MEDIEVAL ENGLAND

3.  Grew in power as new educated elite  Exclusively male  Often anti-feminist  Stereotypically know to be young and clever DESCRIPTION OF MEDIEVAL CLERK

4. The word clerk comes from Latin clericus meaning “cleric” or “clergyman ” and derived from Greek klericos meaning “of the clergy” YET IN MEDIEVAL TERMS, CLERK MEANS “SCHOLAR”

5.  According to the Oxford English Dictionary (1971): to be a clerk had various meanings  Therefore, clerks could have various positions in society, such as: -A churchman, clergyman or ecclesiastic (c. 1050) -A member of the five "minor orders" as distinct from higher or "holy orders" (975) -One of book learning, one able to read and write (c. 1300) -The office of writer, scribe, secretary, keeper of accounts (1085) A CLERK’S DUTIES

6.  Provided spiritual care  Conducted religious services: -held Mass or prayer for the town Church or castles  Responsible for the collection of Church taxes  Responsible for the village and castle record keeping  Focused on the spreading of alms among the poor A CLERK’S DUTIES CONT.

7.  Since Clerk’s everyday focus in life went to the needs of the Church and village, they spent most of their money on educational purposes making them poor students, yet respected leaders. Being associated with the Church meant they were highly represented in society since they were often very well-educated. A CLERK’S SOCIAL STANDING

8.  The Oxford Clerk is described as a young student who “had taken logic long ago(296)”  The text reveals the clerk to be a philosophical character who ignores the vanities of the world to only focus on learning.  He is described as a humble, gentle person with a huge admiration for books and study which lead him to “a tone of moral virtue(317)” in his speech. The Clerk CHAUCER’S CANTERBURY TALES: THE PROLOGUE

9.  Steinberg, Glenn A. Prof. “Social Class in Medieval England” Course Syllabi http://gsteinbe.intrasun.tcnj.edu/tcnj/midlit/social%20class. htm (28 Jan 2013) Steinberg, Glenn A. Prof. “Social Class in Medieval England” Course Syllabi http://gsteinbe.intrasun.tcnj.edu/tcnj/midlit/social%20class. htm  University of California, Davis “What does the title Clerk mean?” http://www.stat.ucdavis.edu/~beran/clerk.html University of California, Davis “What does the title Clerk mean?” http://www.stat.ucdavis.edu/~beran/clerk.html (29 Jan 2013)  “Clerk” The 1911 Classic Encyclopedia http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Clerk (29 Jan 2013) “Clerk” The 1911 Classic Encyclopedia http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Clerk  Andrud,Jordan “The Clerk Part 1” CanterburytalesAndrud https://sites.google.com/site/canterburytalesandrud/the- clerk-part-1 (29 Jan 2013) Andrud,Jordan “The Clerk Part 1” CanterburytalesAndrud https://sites.google.com/site/canterburytalesandrud/the- clerk-part-1 WORKS CITED