1. Machiavelli “I think that it is probably true to say that Fortune (luck, destiny, fate) governs one half of our actions, but that we ourselves have control of the other half. It is better to be bold than timid, for Fortune is a woman. And, like a woman, she prefers young men, because they are less cautious, more ardent, and more daring in their demands.”

2. Act 1, Scene 7 Macbeth's castle. Hautboys and torches. Enter a Sewer, and divers Servants with dishes and service, and pass over the stage. Then enter MACBETH MACBETH If it were done when 'tis done, then 'twere well It were done quickly: A servant who tastes food to ensure there is no poison. Diverse/varied-remember these are the “preparations” for the King A medieval instrument similar to an oboe Murder Macbeth’s soliloquy

3. if the assassination Could trammel up the consequence, and catch With his surcease success; that but this blow Might be the be-all and the end-all here, But here, upon this bank and shoal of time, We'ld jump the life to come. …and catches with his successful end i.e. his murder If the murder led to no consequences… If this attack was simply the end of it in this life and I was king... …then I’d risk the consequences in the life to come. “Bank and shoal of time” Is a metaphor for life, or the present. He means this shallow Crossing we call life as opposed to the great Abyss of eternity

4. But in these cases We still have judgment here; that we but teach Bloody instructions, which, being taught, return To plague the inventor: this even-handed justice Commends the ingredients of our poison'd chalice To our own lips. Macbeth uses Legal terminology as he is debating good and evil, right from wrong By committing murder and deposing of the king, we teach others to do the same. The lesson will come back to “plague” Macbeth. Foreshadowing his end. Justice personified as fair (“even-handed”) will give Macbeth a taste of his own medicine (“poison’d chalice”). Macbeth is worried about the example he sets and the consequences of these

5. He's here in double trust; First, as I am his kinsman and his subject, Strong both against the deed; then, as his host, Who should against his murderer shut the door, Not bear the knife myself. Duncan Has two reasons to trust me. There are two reasons why I shouldn’t kill him Dunsinane Related A person who he rules over Two powerful reasons for not killing him Laws of hospitality

6. Besides, this Duncan Hath borne his faculties so meek, hath been So clear in his great office, that his virtues Will plead like angels, trumpet-tongued, against The deep damnation of his taking-off; Powers (as king) so gently Free from guilt or stain in his role Good qualities- Personified, “plead”=beg Simile-angels innocence-good etc Metaphor-tongues as trumpets protesting loudly Alliteration. Notice the antithesis- damnation-hell/angel Murder. Taking off the throne.

7. And pity, like a naked new-born babe, Striding the blast, or heaven's cherubim, horsed Upon the sightless couriers of the air, Shall blow the horrid deed in every eye, That tears shall drown the wind. Pity personified. Travelling on the blast of virtue’s trumpets One of the highest orders of heaven’s angels Courier= messenger i.e. wind The murder So that tears will drown the wind (personified…again)

8. I have no spur To prick the sides of my intent, but only Vaulting ambition, which o'erleaps itself And falls on the other. Metaphor. Intention, ambition, desire as a horse ready to gallop off Vaulting-to jump over a fence. The horse metaphor is continued Gets carried away and falls on the other side of the fence. i.e. When he becomes king the example he’s set will see him murdered for his crown. Spur symbolises Motivation (metaphor)

9. What does this image have to do with Macbeth’s “vaulting ambition”?

10. I have no spur To prick the sides of my intent, but only Vaulting ambition,

11. Enter LADY MACBETH How now! what news? LADY MACBETH He has almost supp'd: why have you left the chamber? MACBETH Hath he ask'd for me? LADY MACBETH Know you not he has? Don’t you know he has? Worried? Eaten/drunk. Had his supper

12. MACBETH We will proceed no further in this business: He hath honour'd me of late; and I have bought Golden opinions from all sorts of people, Which would be worn now in their newest gloss, Not cast aside so soon. Metaphor: murder as “Business” Euphemistic: nicer way of saying something. Given me honours lately. Titles: Thane of Cawdor Metaphor: Reputation/people’s opinions as valuable objects which can be bought (earned) yet also lost! Metaphor: Reputation as clothes; a golden robe. should

13. What does this picture have to do with what we’ve just read?

14. LADY MACBETH Was the hope drunk Wherein you dress'd yourself? hath it slept since? And wakes it now, to look so green and pale At what it did so freely? Lady Macbeth begins her persuasion. Notice the rhetorical questions Macbeth has obviously boasted that he’ll kill Duncan. He has “dress’d” himself in hopes and ambitiously brave boasts. Metaphor: bragging as dressing/clothes. Now it seems he’s changed his mind. LM is suggesting he was drunk and full of brave words and promises. Personification: now “hope” has woken up and is scared by what it promised to do LM is using shame and guilt to persuade

15. From this time Such I account thy love. Art thou afeard To be the same in thine own act and valour As thou art in desire? Are you afraid to do the deeds which will get you what you say you desire? From now on, this is how much I shall value your love. What could she be doing here

16. Wouldst thou have that Which thou esteem'st the ornament of life, And live a coward in thine own esteem, Letting 'I dare not' wait upon 'I would,' Like the poor cat i' the adage? Would you have The most beautiful thing/most desirable thing in life i.e. The Crown/Power The crown Value as You want to be the king but “dare not” An adage is a proverbial saying: The cat likes to eat fish but doesn’t like to wet her feet. Simile

17. MACBETH Prithee, peace: I dare do all that may become a man; Who dares do more is none. I pray you be quiet I am brave enough to do anything that is fitting for a man There is nobody more daring than me

18. LADY MACBETH What beast was't, then, That made you break this enterprise to me? When you durst do it, then you were a man; And, to be more than what you were, you would Be so much more the man. This word is in antithesis with “man” in the previous line. This proves the murder has been discussed earlier The letter in 1.5. doesn’t mention the “enterprise”: another euphemistic metaphor. M merely says “We will speak further”. When you were brave enough to do it you were a man If you were to become King you’d be even more of a man Power and bravery seems intimately tied up with power and status.

19. Nor time nor place Did then adhere, and yet you would make both: They have made themselves, and that their fitness now Does unmake you. The time and place were not right when you boasted you’d kill Duncan…yet you wished they were. Time and place are now right. They’ve made themselves. Now is the opportunity. Hint at fate makes you a coward or less than a man. Remember LM’s plea for the spirits to “unsex” her and make her more masculine in 1.5? suitability

20. I have given suck, and know How tender 'tis to love the babe that milks me: I would, while it was smiling in my face, Have pluck'd my nipple from his boneless gums, And dash'd the brains out, had I so sworn as you Have done to this. I have breast-fed toothless smashed If I promised it and then backed down like you

21. MACBETH If we should fail? LADY MACBETH We fail! But screw your courage to the sticking-place, And we'll not fail. How would she say this line? Old crossbows were wound until the bolt reached the “sticking place” and was ready to be fired.

22. Plot When Duncan is asleep-- Whereto the rather shall his day's hard journey Soundly invite him--his two chamberlains Will I with wine and wassail so convince That memory, the warder of the brain, Shall be a fume, and the receipt of reason A limbeck only: Hard work personified as “inviting”

23. Plot When Duncan is asleep-- Whereto the rather shall his day's hard journey Soundly invite him--his two chamberlains Will I with wine and wassail so convince That memory, the warder of the brain, Shall be a fume, and the receipt of reason A limbeck only: Hard day’s work personified as “inviting” Duncan to sleep Gentlemen of the bedchamber I will with wine and hot spiced punch Convince- overpower Memory personified as the jailor of the brain. Locking up memories etc A smoke-misty-unclear The collection of sensible information Limbeck, a pot used in distillation of chemicals. Basically, she says sensible thoughts will Bubble away in their drunken heads

24. when in swinish sleep Their drenched natures lie as in a death, What cannot you and I perform upon The unguarded Duncan? what not put upon His spongy officers, who shall bear the guilt Of our great quell? Pig-like, notice the sibilance Drowned in drink Simile When they are like this, what can’t we do to Duncan? Drunken Murder

25. MACBETH Bring forth men-children only; For thy undaunted mettle should compose Nothing but males. Will it not be received, When we have mark'd with blood those sleepy two Of his own chamber and used their very daggers, That they have done't? Give birth to… Spirit How can we link to 1.5? Seen/perceived Their own weapons Macbeth her begins to be convinced by the plan

26. LADY MACBETH Who dares receive it other, As we shall make our griefs and clamour roar Upon his death? MACBETH I am settled, and bend up Each corporal agent to this terrible feat. Away, and mock the time with fairest show: False face must hide what the false heart doth know. Exeunt Who dares to see it otherwise when we will shout the house down ? My bodily power. If he is the physical power, LM is the spirit? Echoes LM’s advice to look the flower but be a serpent under it Rhyming couplet. Smiling false face

27. On A3 paper, make another PEE plan for this scene. Remember to use PEE Remember to use EVA, link to Globe Try and make links between the scenes. E.g. masculine vs feminine; body vs spirit; breast-feeding imagery; appearance and reality Use connectives to highlight the links…similarly, also, moreover, in the same way.

28. Machiavelli “I think that it is probably true to say that Fortune (luck, destiny, fate) governs one half of our actions, but that we ourselves have control of the other half. It is better to be bold than timid, for Fortune is a woman. And, like a woman, she prefers young men, because they are less cautious, more ardent, and more daring in their demands.”