1. Section I The Nature of Stress “Life is either a daring adventure, or nothing at all.” — Helen Keller

2. Chapter 1 The Nature of Stress

3. “I cannot and should not be cured of my stress, but merely taught to enjoy it.” —Hans Selye

4. Times of Change and Uncertainty

5. Times of Change and Uncertainty The terms “change” and “stress” are often used synonymously

6. Times of Change and Uncertainty The terms “change” and “stress” are often used synonymously Typically, people don’t like change!

7. Times of Change and Uncertainty The terms “change” and “stress” are often used synonymously Typically, people don’t like change! We are living in a confluence of many changes coming together. People are feeling overwhelmed.

8. Times of Change and Uncertainty The terms “change” and “stress” are often used synonymously Typically, people don’t like change! We are living in a confluence of many changes coming together. People are feeling overwhelmed. This, on top of personal stressors, compounds stress.

9. Times of Change and Uncertainty The terms “change” and “stress” are often used synonymously Typically, people don’t like change! We are living in a confluence of many changes coming together. People are feeling overwhelmed. This, on top of personal stressors, compounds stress. Where there is change, however, there is opportunity!

10. The 24/7, on-demand, rushed lifestyle often leaves people overwhelmed, tired burntout and frustrated—STRESSED!

11. The association between chronic stress and a host of health- related issues is now undisputed.

12. Julie, Figure 1.1 goes here Figure 1.1. Leading Causes of Death in America. Source: National Center for Health Statistics, Washington, DC, 2009.

13. Definitions of Stress

14. Stress is any change you encounter

15. Definitions of Stress Stress is any change you encounter Stress is wear and tear on the body

16. Definitions of Stress Stress is any change you encounter Stress is wear and tear on the body Stress is the inability to cope with problems

17. Definitions of Stress Stress is any change you encounter Stress is wear and tear on the body Stress is the inability to cope with problems Stress is the loss of emotional control

18. Definitions of Stress Stress is any change you encounter Stress is wear and tear on the body Stress is the inability to cope with problems Stress is the loss of emotional control Stress is the absence of inner peace

19. Definitions of Stress Stress is a perceived threat (real or imagined) to our mind, body, spirit or emotions.

20. The Stress Response

21. The Fight or Flight Response

22. The Stress Response Stage 1: Stimuli is sent to the brain Stage 2: Brain deciphers stimuli: THREAT! Nervous system is activated for survival Stage 3: Body stays activated until threat is over Stage 4: Body returns to homeostasis (physiological calmness, once the threat is gone.) by Walter Cannon

23. The Stress Response Physical Symptoms Increased blood pressure Increased heart rate Blood rushes to our arms and legs Increased serum glucose for energy metabolism Increased free fatty acids for energy metabolism Increased blood clotting ability Increased neural activity to muscles (contraction) Decreased gastric activity Increased perspiration (to cool body temp)

24. Tend and Befriend by Shelley Taylor

26. Types of Stress

27. Eustress (good stress)

28. Types of Stress Eustress (good stress) Neustress (neutral stress)

29. Types of Stress Eustress (good stress) Neustress (neutral stress) Distress (bad stress)

30. Types of Stress Acute Stress (short in duration; minutes, but intense)

31. Types of Stress Acute Stress (short in duration; minutes, but intense) Chronic Stress (much longer in duration; days, weeks, etc., but nowhere near as intense)

32. Julie, Figure 1.5 goes here Figure 1.5. The Yerkes-Dodson Curve: Beyond the optimal point, stress will surely affect performance and health.

33. Types of Stressors

34. Bioecological Influences Psychointrapersonal Influences Social Influences

35. Bioecological Influences

36. Psychointrapersonal Influences

37. Social Influences

38. Social Readjustment Rating Scale By Holmes & Rahe

39. Table. 1.1. The Social Readjustment Rating Scale. Source: T.H Holmes and R. Rahe. The Social Readjustment Rating Scale. Journal of Psychosomatic Research vol. 11, pp. 213–218. Copyright © 1967 by Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. Reprinted with permission.

40. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

41. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder PTSD is a debilitating mental disorder that follows after a person has encountered a terrifying or traumatic life- threatening experience such as combat, natural disasters, serious accident/injury, or violent assault.

42. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms: Chronic anxiety Nightmares Flashbacks Insomnia Hyper vigilance Emotional detachment Restlessness Substance addictions Suicidal tendencies

43. Stress in a Changing World

44. College Stress Roommate dynamics Professional pursuits Academic deadlines Financial aid/loans Budgeting your money Lifestyle behaviors Peer groups/pressure Exploring sexuality Friendships Intimate relationships Professional career path

45. Stress and Insomnia

46. © Randy Glasbergen, used with permission from www.glasbergen.com

47. A Holistic Approach To Stress Management

48. Figure 1.9. Sir Isaac Newton and Einstein. Sources: (left) © Classic Vision/age fotostock; (right) © Tramonto/age fotostock

49. Holistic Wellness Paradigm “The integration, balance, and harmony of mind, body, spirit, and emotions where the whole is always greater than the sum of the parts.”

50. Figure 1.10. Two different perspectives of the same wellness model paradigm.

51. 1,000-year-old Headstone, Ireland 1,000-year-old Petroglyph, Tahiti