1. The Protestant Reformation

2. The shattering of Christian Unity

3. Causes of the Protestant Reformation
The Renaissance.
While there were great literary and artistic achievements the Renaissance turned away from God to celebrate the human.
A series of popes were infected with the spirit of the renaissance and less on spiritual matters

4. Rise of Nationalism
Kings become the center of authority in their own territories.
They resent papal claim to authority over their subjects

5. Major Protestant Ideas
Human nature is morally corrupt.
Faith alone saves
Bible is source of authority not pope.
Accepts Baptism and Eucharist as the only Sacraments

6. Role of personalities
Some remarkable men came on the scene at this crucial time.
Luther, Zwingli, Calvin and Henry VIII of England

7. Review ?’s on 202
Briefly explain 3 convictions that were central to Luther’s teaching.
What was the Augsburg Confession?
What agreement was reached with the Peace of Augsburg?

8. Luther’s teachings Key event: 95 theses posted in 1517
Luther’s teachings Key event: 95 theses posted in 1517.Wittenberg Cathedral
Humans are depraved. Faith alone saves
The bible not the pope is the center of authority.
Individual interpretation of the Bible
Accepts Baptism and Eucharist
Rejects holy days, honoring of saints, indulgences, the rosary, monasticism, other five sacraments

9. Review ?’s on page 207 How did Calvin’s beliefs differ from Luther’s?
Describe the theocracy that Calvin established in Geneva.
What was Calvin’s belief in predestination?
Why did Henry Vii break from the Church and make himself head of the Church in England?
Who was Thomas More, and what became of him?

10. Ulrich Zwingli Democratic rule for the church
More anti-clerical, anti-institutional than Luther.
Removed Images from churches, banned all church music, abolished fast days
Believed In only spiritual presence of Christ in the Eucharist

11. Teachings of John Calvin
Humans are utterly depraved
Some are predestined for salvation;others for hell.
Christ died only
for the saved who cannot resist God’s grace or backslide.
Accepts only baptism and Eucharist
Rejects whatever cannot be found in the Bible.

12. What is Predestination?
Predestination teaches that God determines people for salvation or damnation before they are born and there is nothing they can do by their own efforts to win salvation.

13. Anglicanism Henry VIII establishes the Church of England
The pope is not the universal authority over the whole church,
The monarch is the head of the church in England.
Accepts:
7 sacraments and
most Roman Catholic beliefs and practices

14. The Catholic Reformation(also called the counter reformation)
Church slow to respond to the Protestants.
Political reasons and also did not recognize how seriously the teachings of the reformers challenged Catholic beliefs.

15. The Council of Trent 1545-1563 Called by Pope Paul III
25 meetings in 3 sessions
Dealt with doctrine (what we believe) and
Discipline (how we behave)

16. adampowers.wordpress.com/.../

17. A partial list doctrinal issues
Papal supremacy was reaffirmed
Scripture AND tradition
No to private interpretation of the Bible. Church’s authority interprets the bible for us.
Transubstantiation is reaffirmed.
Christ is really present, whole and entire, in both the consecrated bread and wine

18. Doctrinal issues
Confession and absolution are the normal way by which mortal sins are forgiven
Set the # of sacraments at 7
Declared the existence of purgatory and that souls in purgatory can be helped by prayer and by the Mass.

19. Disciplinary Issues
Clerical abuses attacked; bishops must reside in their dioceses, priests in their parishes, and monks and nuns in their monasteries and convents.
Establishment of seminaries for the training of future priests
Index of Forbidden books> kept Catholics away from heretical ideas

20. Reform,but not Unity
The council of Trent DID reform the abuses that caused the Protestant Reformation. But it failed to reunite the followers of Luther, Calvin or Henry VIII
New orders were founded to undertake the reforms started by the council.The well-defined decisions of the Council of Trent guided the church until Vatican Council II in the 1960,s

21. Ignatius of Loyola Founded the Jesuits, or Society of Jesus ( S.J.)
Soldier>injured in war> read lives of the saints> recognized that only life according to the Gospels had any meaning for him.

22. The Society of Jesus
Spiritual Exercises> deeper conversion to Christ
Their main purpose was to spread Christianity by teaching and preaching.
Vow of absolute obedience to the pope.
15 years of study!

23. Society of Jesus-2
Jesuits were on the faculties of most of the major universities in Catholic regions.
They were convinced a good Catholic education would ensure loyalty to the church.
Through the peaceful means of study and teaching the Jesuits promoted reform and helped stop the spread of Protestantism in Europe.

24. Teresa of Avila Seeks monastic reform
Establishes a small convent to live simply, pray, meditate.
“discalced” without shoes
Asked to establish more convents

25. Teresa of Avila-2 Famous spiritual writer> “The Interior Castle”
Teresa said that at the center of every person’s soul is God:” In the center and the middle is the main dwelling place where the very secret exchanges between God and the soul take place.”