1. Recommendations on enforcement With reference to Denmark Inger Marie Bernhoft Senor Researcher Danish Transport Research Institute These problem areas are also high priority issues in Denmark

2. Recommendations on enforcement With reference to Denmark The aims –To change road user behaviour regarding Speeding Drunk driving Seat belt use These problem areas are also high priority issues in Denmark

3. What do we know in Denmark about Speeding? A Danish trial on automatic speed control (200.000 violations) The evaluation showed –a slight decrease in the mean speed –no significant decrease in the number of accidents with personal injuries What can we do then? –increase the police effort in delimited areas –make the controls visible –increase the subjective detection risk

4. What do we know in Denmark about Drunk driving? A former Danish road side survey showed The problem areas are –highest proportions among drivers aged 35-54 –also drivers of vans –highest proportion of DUI in evenings and weekends –summertime worse than December –accident risk is dramatically increased for young people What can we do then? –conduct controls in hours with low detection rates –inform about the controls as deterrence –introduce alcolocks

5. What do we know in Denmark about Seat belt usage? Seat belt counting take place repeatedly Changes from 2001 to 2003 –drivers of passenger cars – unchanged 84% –back seat passengers an increase from 55% to 67% on workdays an increase from 50% to 55% in weekends –drivers of small vans – a slight increase from 61% to 62% What can we do then? –increase the police effort in periods and places with a low seat belt usage an overrepresentation of non-seat belt accidents –introduce seat belt locks

6. Why do we need enforcement? The purpose of the action plan must be clearly defined –What do we want to obtain? A change in –the mean speed –the proportion of drunk driving –the proportion of seat belt usage A change in –the number of violations A change in –the number of accidents/injuries/fatalities

7. What is the main aim of enforcement? To reduce the number of accidents with personal injuries –How By increasing the subjective detection risk Controls in combination with information –Therefore The police should be visible Controls should be massive People should experience to be stopped themselves –Result Deterrence Fewer accidents

8. How to set up an optimal enforcement plan? Where? 1. In high risk areas 2. In locations where controls are not expected Why? 1. Accident reduction purposes 2. Deterrence The effect of enforcement depends on 1.The intensity of the controls 2.The visibility of the controls

9. Evaluation Set up some hypotheses for the expected outcome e.g. The aim of enforcement –To obtain a certain accident reduction How to evaluate –To measure the decrease in accidents related to the various enforcement themes

10. Proposed evaluation A report each 2 years: –Equipment –Plans for controls (when, where, how many) –Violations –Sanctions (in court / other sanctions) –Protocols and procedures –Changes in rules What is the purpose of this information? –The purpose must be clearly stated –Else no response

11. Proposed evaluation Recommendation 2 –To evaluate regularly It seems possible that this recommendation has been added at a later stage All references to recommendation numbers in the annex are incorrect

12. Is this evaluation meaningful? Missing information –Important indicators Accident reduction Changes in speed, drunk driving, seat belt use

13. In conclusion - The topics are a good choice for enforcement - But the recommendations are too vague - They should reflect an overall strategy Criteria for success Expected outcome Saved lives - Feed back from the member countries should reflect The degree of success Actual outcome Accident reduction