1. Roaring 20’s and the Great Depression
Section 1: Society in the 1920s

2. Bell Ringer
On Edmodo

3. Bell Ringer
Who do you think is the greatest athlete of all time and why?

4. The Great War Ends November 11, 1918
The US economy was booming for war related industries
America was changing, people were partying and enjoying themselves more and more
The 18th Amendment pass in 1919 – buying, selling, manufacturing, and transportation of alcohol
1925 – 30k-100k speakeasies in New York

5. Election of 1920 Warren Harding vs James Cox
People wanted the US to the security we had before WWI
Warren G. Harding won the election on the platform of normalcy
Return to isolationism, less social reform, more economic growth
1923
Teapot Scandal
Albert Fall, Sec. of the Interior, granted oil drilling to companies in California and Teapot Dome, Wyoming for $300,000 in illegal gifts and payments
Fall goes to Jail
Harding dies from heart problems

6. Flappers Flapper symbolized the changing times in the U.S.
Young women, rebellious, energetic, fun loving, bold
Disapproved of by society
Fashion changes, less modest
Hair styles
Drank stronger drinks
Smoked more cigarettes
More make-up

7. Flapper Culture
Many women took the new style of dress because of its practicality, but did not embrace flapper lifestyle
Employers rarely trained women for jobs beyond the entry level, and did not pay them on the same scale as men
Female doctors and lawyers were discriminated against
Women still do not have equal pay as men

8. Women’s Suffrage
19th Amendment was adopted in 1920, allowed women to vote
Most women voted in a similar way to men, many women did not vote
Lived in rural areas and could not make it to the polls
Families discouraged their voting
Uncomfortable with voting
Took time for the habit to develop

10. Acts Sheppard-Towner Act of 1921
First major federal welfare measure concerned with women’s and children’s health
Equal Rights Amendment: A failed attempt to obtain “equal rights for men and women throughout the United States”

11. Election of 1924
Calvin Coolidge (Republican) vs John Davis (Democratic) vs Robert La Follette (Progressive)
Coolidge wins
Vice President to Harding and takes office in 1923 when he dies
Coolidge
Support big business and laissez-fair economics
Believed business cycle would fix any problems in the economy

12. Stock Market under Coolidge
“The business of the American people is business.”
Believed the government should not interfere with the growth of business and that the natural business cycle would fix any problems in the economy
Stock market reached new highs during this era
People began buying on:
Speculation - High-risk investments in hopes of making high returns on their money
Buying on margin – investors purchased stocks for only a portion of the cost, then borrow the difference and pay interest on the loan

13. Demos
Demographics are the statistics that describe a population, such as data on race or income
First time in history MORE Americans lived in urban areas than in rural areas
Farming life was a struggle so many Americans moved into cities
Crop prices falling, production prices rose
Congress attempted to bills to help but Coolidge vetoed them saying it was unconstitutional
Industrial and commercial economy began to boom
6 million people moved from rural to urban areas

14. Results of Migration
Public HS attendance rose from 2.2 million in 1920 to 4.4 million by 1930
Changed the way labor worked
Traditional kids worked their family farm and had to drop out of school
In cities, kids needed a strong education to be able to compete in industrial and commercial jobs (urban-based economy)
Cities shifted away from traditional values

15. African Americans
Great Migration: the mass migration of southern Blacks to northern cities
Faced extreme discrimination in all walks of life
Women worked for very low wages as household help for whites
Boom in northern industries encouraged the Great Migration to happen

16. Other Migration
During the 1920s, Congress attempted to limit immigration, mostly from Europe and Asia
Limits did not apply to the Americas, Canadians and Mexicans came to the U.S. to work low paying jobs
Migrants took jobs in cities
Barrio - a predominantly Spanish-speaking neighborhood
East Los Angeles, Spanish Harlem
Puerto Ricans migrated in hope for a better life

17. American Heroes
Charles Lindberg: 1927 Flew from New York to Paris in 33.5 hours
Became a celebrity and an icon of American spirit
Fame brought tragedy when his infant son and was kidnapped and murdered
Amelia Earhart: accomplished aviator
Attempted to fly across the world, disappeared

18. Sports Babe Ruth-baseball
Jim Thorpe - everything, Congress declared him the greatest athlete of all time in 1999
Gertrude Elderle- swam the English channel, crushing the male record by 2 hours
More time for leisure

19. Section 1 Review How were women’s roles changing during the 1920s?
How were the nation’s cities and suburbs affected by Americans on the move from rural areas?
Who were some American heroes of the 1920s? What made them popular with the American public?
How did the flapper symbolize change for women in the 1920s
What conditions brought about the demographic shifts of the 1920s?

20. Bell Ringer
On Edmodo

21. Mass Media, the Jazz Age, and Harlem Renaissance

22. Mass Media
Prior to the 1920s each part of the country had their own radio and film industries
Film industry takes off in Hollywood
Large workforce, great scenery
Mass media made the flapper movement a cultural norm
Mass media is print, film, and broadcast methods of communicating information to large numbers of people

23. Movies
Between 1910 and 1930 the number of theatres in the US rose from 5K to 22,500
1929 – US population was just under 125 million
80 million movie tickets sold each week
Moviemaking had become the 4th largest business in the country
The Jazz Singer was the first movie with sound
Called “talkies”
Talkies took over the movie industry

24. Newspapers and Magazines
Began following lives of movie celebrities
1900 NY Times was only 14 pages by 1915 it was 50+ pages
Independent newspapers fell as bigger papers were buying and merging with others
The start of the Tabloids replacing serious news
Entertainment, fashion, sports, crimes, and scandals
Magazine purchased increased to 200million by 1929

25. Radio Barely existed in the early 1920s
Frank Conrad set up a radio transmitter and began sending recorded music and baseball scores
Set first commercial radio station Pittsburgh KDKA
NBC – National Broadcasting Company began linking individual stations together bring the county together
began listing to the same jokes, commercials, music, sporting events, and religious services

26. The Jazz Age
Rhythms and improvisations were too suggestive to traditional Americans
Flappers and younger generation loved it
Started by the Great Migration and the new popularity of the radio
1929 2/3 of all radio was devoted to the jazz
Jazz clubs and dance halls open up around the country
500 in Harlem
The Charleston was the popular dance that went along with Jazz music

27. Painters
Georgia O’Keeffe
Edward Hopper

28. Literature Novelist Sinclair Lewis attacked American society
Main Street 1920, Babbit 1922, Arrowsmith 1925, Elmer Gantry 1927
1930 became the first American to win the Nobel prize for literature
Playwright Eugene O’Neill
Wrote dark and poetic tragedies about everyday American life
Showed American theatre could rival European theatre

29. The Lost Generation
Group of American writers who rejected the “new” postwar America
Left the US for Europe
Felt Europe was more “intellectually stimulating”
Included E.E. Cummings, Ernest Hemingway, and F. Scott Fitzgerald
Gertrude Stein coined the term Lost Generation – a group of people disconnected from their country and its value

30. F. Scott Fitzgerald
Helped create the flapper movement with his novel This Side of Paradise
Part of the Jazz Age and the Lost Generation
Wrote The Great Gatsby, The Curios Case of Benjamin Button

31. Harlem Renaissance
Harlem became the center for jazz and African-American literary awakening
Most famous Harlem writer is Langston Hughes
Poet, short stories, journalist, and playwright
Wrote about the difficulties and joys of being a human, American, and black

32. “I, Too” by Langston Hughes
I, too, sing America.
I am the darker brother.
They send me to eat in the kitchen
When company comes,
But I laugh,
And eat well,
And grow strong.
Tomorrow,
I’ll be at the table
When company comes.
Nobody’ll dare
Say to me,
“Eat in the kitchen,”
Then.
Besides,
They’ll see how beautiful I am
And be ashamed—
I, too, am America.
“I, Too” by Langston Hughes

33. Election of 1928 Herbert Hoover (Republican) v. Al Smith (Democrat)
POTUS Calvin Coolidge decides not run for reelection
Hoover win the election by a landslide
Smith only wins 7 states
Arkansas, Louisiana, Alabama, Mississippi, Georgia, South Carolina, and Massachusetts
Hoover

34. Hoover as President Takes office just before the economy collapses
October 29, 1929 – Black Tuesday – stock market crash and price dropped drastically
People who bought on speculation or buying on margin lost everything
Banks were no longer able to collect payment of loans
The beginning of The Great Depression
Believed the economy would eventually fix itself and took limited steps to fix it

35. Hoover during the Depression
Began to take limited steps to correct the Depression
Signed the Hawley-Smoot Tariff – imposed a tax on over 200k imported goods
Hoover’s popularity dropped as the depression grew worse and worse
People began looking more and more to the gov’t for help
Hoovervilles began popping up – name for towns built by homeless people during the Great Depression

36. Hooverville

39. Hoovervilles