1. Metaphysics What is Real?

2. Questions to Consider What is? What is? Does the universe have purpose? Does the universe have purpose? Is there anything beyond death? Is there anything beyond death? Is there order to being? Is there order to being? What am I? What am I?

3. Metaphysical Continuum/Venn Dualism IdealismMaterialism

4. Materialism Energy and matter coexist. Energy and matter coexist. Reality is natural laws in action. Reality is natural laws in action. Physical/chemical processes govern the real. Physical/chemical processes govern the real. The universe is a machine. The universe is a machine. Mental states as well, are merely ‘epiphenomena’ of material processes. Mental states as well, are merely ‘epiphenomena’ of material processes.

5. Idealism (idea-ism) Subjective Idealism (Berkeley) Subjective Idealism (Berkeley) Reality is our experience of things.Reality is our experience of things. Perception always dictates my reality.Perception always dictates my reality. Objective Idealism (Plato) Objective Idealism (Plato) Mind is the real Form of the World.Mind is the real Form of the World. Order precedes the perceiver.Order precedes the perceiver. Teleology Teleology Order and purpose are necessary constituents of reality.Order and purpose are necessary constituents of reality.

6. Metaphysical Dualism Common sense dictates it. Common sense dictates it. The “ghost in a machine” (Descartes) The “ghost in a machine” (Descartes) Mind is a ‘thinking thing’ (ghost)Mind is a ‘thinking thing’ (ghost) Body is an ‘extended thing’ (machine)Body is an ‘extended thing’ (machine)

7. Critical Naturalism Nature is the only reality. Nature is the only reality. Human life cannot be completely described as a material process. Human life cannot be completely described as a material process. There are levels of reality. There are levels of reality.

8. AntiMetaphysics Talk of reality is a waste of time. Talk of reality is a waste of time. Language is the only reality we can experience. Language is the only reality we can experience. Our only task is to make language clear.Our only task is to make language clear.