2. Today’s standard- *Analyze works of literature for what is suggested about the historical period in which they were written. Objective- Gather information to better understand Shakespeare and his work Romeo & Juliet.

3. William Shakespeare Parker Presents

4. Life of William Shakespeare Elizabethan Period 1558-1603 Family Born around April 23, 1564 in Stratford–on–Avon Born around April 23, 1564 in Stratford–on–Avon 3 rd of 8 children 3 rd of 8 children Family was well off Family was well off Most quoted, other than the Bible Most quoted, other than the Bible

5. The Dirt ! Married Anne Hathaway at 18 - she was 26! Married Anne Hathaway at 18 - she was 26! Three children Three children Absentee father Absentee father Life of William Shakespeare

6. Stratford-on-Avon

7. Stratford-on-Avon

8. London During Shakespeare’s Days No running water or electricity Poverty

9. Bathing considered dangerous Bathing considered dangerous Childhood diseases Childhood diseases Children often died young Children often died young Small Pox & Bubonic Plague Small Pox & Bubonic Plague killed thousands killed thousands London During Shakespeare’s Days

10. No running water Chamber Pots Chamber Pots Open Sewers Open Sewers Crowded Crowded London During Shakespeare’s Days

11. Clothes One set used all year long, rarely washed One set used all year long, rarely washed Underclothing slept in, rarely changed Underclothing slept in, rarely changed Clothes handed down from rich to poor Clothes handed down from rich to poor London During Shakespeare’s Days

12. Theater in London The Theater First public theater First public theater Demolished in 1599 Demolished in 1599

13. Theater in London

14. The Globe Penny admission Penny admission Hard to believe? Think Hard to believe? Think about admission to the about admission to the movie theater in the ‘50s movie theater in the ‘50s Theater in London

16. Actors All men All men Female parts played by young boys Female parts played by young boys No actual kissing or hugging on stage No actual kissing or hugging on stage

17. Audience 2000-3000 people from all walks of life 2000-3000 people from all walks of life Rich audience sat in covered galleries around stage Rich audience sat in covered galleries around stage Most stood in the pit around platform stage – “groundlings” Most stood in the pit around platform stage – “groundlings”

18. The groundling Poor audience member Poor audience member Stood around stage in “the pit” Stood around stage in “the pit” Threw rotten vegetables at bad performances Threw rotten vegetables at bad performances

19. The Plays Tragedy Tragedy Ends in the death of one or more of the main characters Ends in the death of one or more of the main characters Most of Shakespeare’s tragedies involved historical individuals or events. Most of Shakespeare’s tragedies involved historical individuals or events.

20. Tragic Endings Most tragic heroes are partly to blame for their own fates and end up dying as a result. Most tragic heroes are partly to blame for their own fates and end up dying as a result. All of Shakespeare’s tragedies have a tragic hero.

21. Tragic Heroes All of Shakespeare’s tragedies have a tragic hero. All of Shakespeare’s tragedies have a tragic hero. Often makes more than one bad judgment Often makes more than one bad judgment Usually recognizes his mistakes Usually recognizes his mistakes We feel sympathy for him. We feel sympathy for him. The hero is often a man of high rank, such as a king or prince. The hero is often a man of high rank, such as a king or prince. Will die Will die

22. Line References Romeo & Juliet, II. i. 35 The play’s title is written in italics The scene is in small Roman numerals The act is written in capital Roman numerals The line number is written as a normal number

23. New Words In Shakespeare’s time... There were no dictionaries. There were no dictionaries. There were no spelling rules. There were no spelling rules. Shakespeare created over 2,000 words. Shakespeare created over 2,000 words. Wordplay, bawdy jokes, and lofty language appealed to Elizabethan audiences.

24. Shakespeare’s Words Hint eyeball majestic laughable generous gloomy fashionable undress

25. Romeo and Juliet

26. Think & Write When family differences stand between two people, it can be destructive because_______________.

27. Skills for this Unit: Understand globe theater Understand globe theater Summarize and paraphrase complex text Summarize and paraphrase complex text Analyze characters (protagonist/antagonist, flat/round, static/dynamic, stock) Analyze characters (protagonist/antagonist, flat/round, static/dynamic, stock) Analyze conflicts (internal/external), Analyze conflicts (internal/external), Analyze stage directions, dialogue and dramatic speeches (monologue, soliloquy, aside) Analyze stage directions, dialogue and dramatic speeches (monologue, soliloquy, aside) Analyze theme Analyze theme

28. What are we about to read? This play is a tragedy-it traces the downfall of the main character, often called the tragic hero. This play is a tragedy-it traces the downfall of the main character, often called the tragic hero. Tragic hero-admired character, but has a major flaw that causes his downfall. Tragic hero-admired character, but has a major flaw that causes his downfall.

29. Overall Structure Called a “five act play” Called a “five act play” Act 1-Introduction Act 1-Introduction Act 2- Rising Action Act 2- Rising Action Act 3-Climax Act 3-Climax Act 4-Falling Action Act 4-Falling Action Act 5- Resolution Act 5- Resolution

30. Romeo and Juliet: Background Act I The Elizabethan audience expected a drama to unfold in five predictable segments. Introduction Climactic moment, resolution Crisis, or turning point Act IV Act III Act II Act V Rising action Falling action

31. Globe Theater The Globe- most famous theater in the history of English stage, for many more of Shakespeare’s plays were performed there. The Globe- most famous theater in the history of English stage, for many more of Shakespeare’s plays were performed there. It was a round theater with a central stage open to the sky. It was a round theater with a central stage open to the sky.

32. Summarize and Paraphrase: What’s the difference? Summarize-briefly stating the idea of a text in a few sentences. Summarize-briefly stating the idea of a text in a few sentences. Paraphrase-summarize a text LINE by LINE. Paraphrase-summarize a text LINE by LINE.

33. Analyze Characters Dynamic-a character changes and grows Dynamic-a character changes and grows Static- a character remains the same Static- a character remains the same Flat-one dimensional; has only one or two qualities Flat-one dimensional; has only one or two qualities Round-multi-dimensional; has many qualities Round-multi-dimensional; has many qualities Stock character-a stereotypical character (villian, mean librarian, etc.) Stock character-a stereotypical character (villian, mean librarian, etc.)

34. Remember a character can be flat and static. Most flat, static characters are also stereotypical, or stock characters. Remember a character can be flat and static. Most flat, static characters are also stereotypical, or stock characters. A character can be dynamic and round at the same time. A character can be dynamic and round at the same time.

35. Analyze Conflicts Internal- man vs. self (Example: Should I cheat?) Internal- man vs. self (Example: Should I cheat?) External- man vs. man External- man vs. man

36. Dialogue Dialogue= conversation between characters. Prose dialogue is written in quotation marks. Dialogue= conversation between characters. Prose dialogue is written in quotation marks. In drama, it generally follows the name of the speaker- seen below In drama, it generally follows the name of the speaker- seen below BENVOLIO. My noble uncle, do you know the cause? BENVOLIO. My noble uncle, do you know the cause? MONTAGUE. I neither know. MONTAGUE. I neither know.

37. Stage Directions Notes in a play that describe how the work should be performed, or staged- such as scenes, lighting, sound effects and character actions. Notes in a play that describe how the work should be performed, or staged- such as scenes, lighting, sound effects and character actions. Usually set in italics and are sometimes set off in brackets or parentheses. Usually set in italics and are sometimes set off in brackets or parentheses. Example: Example: Scene iii. Friar Lawrence’s cell [Enter FRIAR LAWRENCE alone, with a basket.] Scene iii. Friar Lawrence’s cell [Enter FRIAR LAWRENCE alone, with a basket.]

38. Stage Directions Sally: Good Morning, teacher. Teacher: Good Morning, Sally. Sally: What do you want us to do this morning? Teacher: I want you to get out your homework. Sally: Great. Sally: Good Morning, teacher. Teacher: Good Morning, Sally. Sally: What do you want us to do this morning? Teacher: I want you to get out your homework. Sally: Great.

39. Same skit with stage directions included. Sally: (loudly) Good Morning, teacher. Teacher: (acting irritated) Good Morning, Sally. Sally: (laughs rudely) What do you want us to do this morning? Teacher: (sternly) I want you to get out your homework. Sally: (sarcastically) Great.

40. And again. Sally: (cheerfully) Good Morning, teacher. Teacher: (smiles) Good Morning, Sally. Sally: (sweetly) What do you want us to do this morning? Teacher: (energetically) I want you to get out your homework. Sally: (excitedly) Great. Sally: (cheerfully) Good Morning, teacher. Teacher: (smiles) Good Morning, Sally. Sally: (sweetly) What do you want us to do this morning? Teacher: (energetically) I want you to get out your homework. Sally: (excitedly) Great.

42. Dramatic Speeches Monologue- a long, uninterrupted speech delivered to other characters on stage. Monologue- a long, uninterrupted speech delivered to other characters on stage. Soliloquy- (solo) a speech in which a character, alone on stage, reveals private thoughts that the audience is allowed to overhear. Soliloquy- (solo) a speech in which a character, alone on stage, reveals private thoughts that the audience is allowed to overhear. Aside-a brief remark a character makes to the audience rather than to the other characters. Aside-a brief remark a character makes to the audience rather than to the other characters.

43. Now use your guided notes paper- AGAIN. Now use your guided notes paper- AGAIN.

44. Romeo & Juliet!!

45. Romeo and Juliet: Introduction Verona, Italy Feud between Capulets and Montagues The Montagues and the Capulets hate each other.

46. Romeo and Juliet: Introduction Is there such a thing as love at first sight? Romeo Montague sneaks into a Capulet party. He and Juliet Capulet can’t take their eyes off each other. That’s before the well known romantic exchange on her balcony.

47. Romeo and Juliet: Introduction But the couple has a friend in the local priest— if only Friar Laurence can coax the families toward peace. Neither family is pleased with their interest in each other.

48. Romeo and Juliet: Introduction and even leads to revenge and death. But meanwhile, the feud between the families is getting worse

49. Romeo and Juliet: Background In Romeo and Juliet a prologue in sonnet (type of poem) form summarizes the play for the audience Prologue- introduction before the first act. Most lines in the play, like the lines of a sonnet, are in iambic pentameter—ten syllables of a steady unaccented/accented pattern. Creates a beat/rhythm when read.

50. Romeo and Juliet question During the 1300s in Verona, Italy— in the setting for Romeo and Juliet—it was customary for a father to arrange a suitable marriage for his daughter.

51. Prologue activity Do 1-5 thoroughly for homework.

52. Stage Directions Exit Questions 1 & 2 Choose the correct description for the following words in parenthesis: (Reciting)(whistling) (at the gate) A They establish the setting and foreshadow upcoming conflict. B They contribute to the characterization and relationship between the actors. C They indicate how the lines should be spoken and describe offstage activity. D They describe what the stage looks like and how the actors should speak and move.

53. What would be gained if the drama were performed instead of read? A The emotions of the characters would be more apparent. B The characters would be more essential to the plot. C The plot would come to a conclusion more quickly. D The foreshadowing would be more effective.

54. 2015 STOP HERE

55. Literature book page 808 ACT I Sampson: Nurse: Gregory: Mercutio: Abram: Servingman 1: Benvolio: Servingman 2: Tybalt: Servingman 3: Officer: Capulet: Lady Capulet: Montague: Lady Montague: Prince: Romeo: Juliet:

56. Romeo and Juliet Exit ticket Who is fighting in the beginning of Act I? What does Aside mean? Are you confused about the play? Write your question here on your paper.