1. UNIT 4 CHARACTERISTICS OF WAVES CHAPTER 10 (HS)/ CHAPTER 15 (8 TH GR)

2. Big Idea: Waves Essential Question: What type of wave is a sound wave? IB Question: Are you doing the wave?

3. GEORGIA PERFORMANCE STANDARDS SPS9. Students will investigate the properties of waves. a. Recognize that all waves transfer energy. b. Relate frequency and wavelength to the energy of different types of electromagnetic waves and mechanical waves. c. Compare and contrast the characteristics of electromagnetic and mechanical (sound) waves. d. Investigate the phenomena of reflection, refraction, interference, and diffraction. e. Relate the speed of sound to different mediums. f. Explain the Doppler Effect in terms of everyday interactions.

5. WAVES Wave—a repeating movement of disturbance that transfers energy through matter or space. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ All waves carry energy without transporting matter from place to place.  molecules pass energy along to neighbor molecules who then pass energy to neighbor  all waves are produced by vibrations  waves will travel as long as there is energy to carry.

6. WAVES Waves move energy… …not matter

7. Medium—matter though which a wave travels A medium can be solid, liquid, gas or a combo A medium can be solid, liquid, gas or a combo Not all waves need a medium to travel—light and radio waves travel through space Not all waves need a medium to travel—light and radio waves travel through spaceWAVES

8. WAVES Mechanical Waves—waves that can only travel through a medium. Transverse WavesCompression Waves Matter moves back and forth at right angles to direction that wave travels Matter in medium moves in the same direction that wave travels

9. WAVES Students will complete a concept map to be placed in their interactive notebook.

10. Big Idea: Features of Waves Essential Question: Which is faster sound waves or light waves? IB Question: Are you doing the wave?

11. GEORGIA PERFORMANCE STANDARDS SPS9. Students will investigate the properties of waves. a. Recognize that all waves transfer energy. b. Relate frequency and wavelength to the energy of different types of electromagnetic waves and mechanical waves. c. Compare and contrast the characteristics of electromagnetic and mechanical (sound) waves. d. Investigate the phenomena of reflection, refraction, interference, and diffraction. e. Relate the speed of sound to different mediums. f. Explain the Doppler Effect in terms of everyday interactions.

13. FEATURES OF WAVES Parts of Waves Transverse Waves have crests—the highest points, and troughs—the lowest points of waves. Compressional waves have dense regions (coils close together) called compressions and less dense regions called rarefactions.

14. FEATURES OF WAVES Wavelength (λ)—distance between one point on wave and similar point nearest to it. (crest to crest, trough to trough, compression to compression, or rarefaction to rarefaction) ----1λ---- -1λ- WAVELENGTH OF WAVE DECREASES AS FREQUENCY INCREASES

15. FEATURES OF WAVES Frequency—number of wavelengths that pass a fixed point each second (hertz—Hz) Calculating Wave Speed Wave speed (m/s) = frequency (Hz) x wavelength (m) V = f λ

16. FEATURES OF WAVES Amplitude—a measure of energy in a wave, the more energy a wave carries  greater amplitude  Transverse waves—Distance from crest or trough to normal position  Compression waves—the denser the compressions the larger the amplitude

17. ON THE LEFT SIDE OF YOUR NOTEBOOK Page 516 Draw and label a transverse wave and a compression/longitudinal wave. You must identify crest, trough, wavelength, amplitude, compression, rarefaction, normal/rest position

18. WAVES Waves video https://www.youtube.com/watch? v=XK8uTaFfZnw https://www.youtube.com/watch? v=XK8uTaFfZnw Wave lab with Slinky's Wave vocabulary Quiz

19. Big Idea: Behavior of Waves Essential Question: What do an echo, a shadow and your reflection have in common? IB Question: Are you doing the wave?

20. GEORGIA PERFORMANCE STANDARDS SPS9. Students will investigate the properties of waves. a. Recognize that all waves transfer energy. b. Relate frequency and wavelength to the energy of different types of electromagnetic waves and mechanical waves. c. Compare and contrast the characteristics of electromagnetic and mechanical (sound) waves. d. Investigate the phenomena of reflection, refraction, interference, and diffraction. e. Relate the speed of sound to different mediums. f. Explain the Doppler Effect in terms of everyday interactions.

22. BEHAVIOR OF WAVES Law of Reflection—the angle of incidence (i) of a wave is always equal to the angle of reflection (r) Reflection—occurs when a wave strikes an object and bounces off of it—all types of waves can be reflected (ex. Sound, water, & light) Normal r i

23. BEHAVIOR OF WAVES Refraction— bending of a wave caused by a change in its speed as it moves from one medium to another. Pencil in water looks broken due to refraction. The greater the change in speed the more the wave bends.

24. BEHAVIOR OF WAVES Diffraction—an object causes a wave to change direction and bend toward it.  Both refraction and diffraction cause waves to bend; however, refraction occurs when waves pass through an object while diffraction occurs when waves pass around an object.

25. Constructive vs.Destructive Waves add - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - -- - - - -- - Waves subtract -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - BEHAVIOR OF WAVES Interference—when two or more waves overlap and combine to form a new wave. https://www.brainpop.com/science/energy/waves/https://www.brainpop.com/science/energy/refracti onanddiffraction/

26. Big Idea: ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES Essential Question: What causes electromagnetic waves? IB Question: Are you doing the wave?

27. GEORGIA PERFORMANCE STANDARDS SPS9. Students will investigate the properties of waves. a. Recognize that all waves transfer energy. b. Relate frequency and wavelength to the energy of different types of electromagnetic waves and mechanical waves. c. Compare and contrast the characteristics of electromagnetic and mechanical (sound) waves. d. Investigate the phenomena of reflection, refraction, interference, and diffraction. e. Relate the speed of sound to different mediums. f. Explain the Doppler Effect in terms of everyday interactions.

29. ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES Electromagnetic Waves—made by vibrating electric charges and can travel through space. Frequency of electromagnetic waves is the number of vibrations per second (Hz) Electromagnetic spectrum—the entire range of electromagnetic wave frequencies

30. ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES The Electromagnetic Spectrum Includes:  Radio Waves —low frequency waves with wavelengths at about 1-10 cm (radio stations, microwaves, radar)  Infared Waves —have slightly higher frequency than radio waves (remote control, warmth of fire, satellites)

31. ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES The Electromagnetic Spectrum Includes:  Visible Light—range of electromagnetic waves you can detect with your eyes (ROYGBIV— different colors have different wavelengths)  Ultraviolet waves—frequencies slightly higher than visible light (sunburns, vitamin D production, fluorescent materials absorb it, kills bacteria)

32. ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES The Electromagnetic Spectrum Includes:  X-rays & Gamma Rays—ultra-high frequencies that can travel through matter, damage cells (bone images, radiation therapy, production of superhero—Hulk)

35. Big Idea: Communicating with Radio Waves Essential Question: What does “radar” stand for? IB Question: Are you doing the wave?

36. GEORGIA PERFORMANCE STANDARDS SPS9. Students will investigate the properties of waves. a. Recognize that all waves transfer energy. b. Relate frequency and wavelength to the energy of different types of electromagnetic waves and mechanical waves. c. Compare and contrast the characteristics of electromagnetic and mechanical (sound) waves. d. Investigate the phenomena of reflection, refraction, interference, and diffraction. e. Relate the speed of sound to different mediums. f. Explain the Doppler Effect in terms of everyday interactions.

38. COMMUNICATING WITH RADIO WAVES Radio transmission—radio converts electromagnetic waves into sound waves. Each radio station is assigned a particular radio frequency for their broadcast—this specific frequency is called the carrier wave.

39. COMMUNICATING WITH RADIO WAVES Carrier waves can transmit a signal in one of two ways: Amplitude modulation (AM)Frequency modulation (FM) AM radio broadcasts info by varying the amplitude of the carrier wave. FM radio varies the frequency of carrier waves

40. COMMUNICATING WITH RADIO WAVES Television—audio is sent by FM radio waves and video is sent by AM radio signals Cathode—ray tubes—produce images you see in TV—surface is covered by spots that glow red, green, or blue when struck by electron beams.

41. COMMUNICATING WITH RADIO WAVES Telephones— electrical signal creates radio wave that is transmitted to and from a microwave tower.

42. COMMUNICATING WITH RADIO WAVES Global Positioning Systems (GPS)—system of satellites, ground stations an receivers that receive high frequency microwave signals, amplify it and return it to Earth.

43. Big Idea: Sound Essential Question: Why does sound need to travel through a medium? IB Question: Do you hear me now?

44. GEORGIA PERFORMANCE STANDARDS SPS9. Students will investigate the properties of waves. a. Recognize that all waves transfer energy. b. Relate frequency and wavelength to the energy of different types of electromagnetic waves and mechanical waves. c. Compare and contrast the characteristics of electromagnetic and mechanical (sound) waves. d. Investigate the phenomena of reflection, refraction, interference, and diffraction. e. Relate the speed of sound to different mediums. f. Explain the Doppler Effect in terms of everyday interactions.

46. SOUND How the Ear Works How the Ear Works How Old Are Your Ears How Old Are Your Ears