1. By: Ashley, Kristen, Chealsa, and Melinda

2.  Extract oils from both walnuts and hazelnuts and compare IR and GC-MS results to the standards  Extract oil from nutmeg and caraway seeds and compare the IR and GC-MS data to that of the standards, eugenol, limonene, and carvone.

3.  To develop a good extraction technique for the essential oils of nuts and spices.  The SFE was a good choice of instrumentation because it is one step and is more green for the environment.  Nut oils are used primarily for cooking and there is a huge market for them.  Spice essential oils are used for fragrance and can be sold for other purposes.

4.  SFE  We used a range from 2-5g of sample masses  Ran each sample twice  Massed extracted samples  Ran product using IR and GS-MS

5.  FTIR was used for all standards and extracted products except that from caraway seed  GC-MS  12 drops of analyte were dissolved in 15mL of hexane and ran on the instrument

6.  SFE extracted products  Day 2: 0.4403g hazelnut oil (2.0615g nuts)  Day 3: 0.7285g hazelnut oil (5.0136g nuts) 0.6921g hazelnut oil (4.7657g nuts)  Day 4: 0.8113g walnut oil (4.5077g nuts) 0.5656g walnut oil (4.5877g nuts)  Day 5: 0.5757g nutmeg oil (4.5113g nutmeg) 0.9846g nutmeg oil (4.5088g nutmeg)  Day 6: 0.0748g ? (4.4244g caraway seeds) 0.0274g ? (4.6563g caraway seeds)

7.  FTIR  Nutmeg oil has all expected peaks of the literature value  Eugenol matches literature value but does not match the extracted product  Extracted walnut oil is identical to the standard with all of the same principal peaks  Extracted hazelnut oil is identical to the standard with all of the same principal peaks

8. Walnut Standard Hazelnut Standard Hazelnut Sample

9. Eugenol StandardLimonene Standard

10.  SFE product  Too low of mass resulted in not enough product  Nutmeg Was a waxy solid with a yellow Not actually eugenol (IR spectrum)  Caraway Seeds Unable to crush with a mortar and pestle (crack) Not a an oil or a solid Unable to run FTIR of GC-MS on product  Cannot conclude what was extracted

11. Walnut Sample Carvone standard

12.  Timing issues  Correcting the SFE So many people using the SFE so it needed extra cleaning Leading to 2 samples a day instead of 3  IR  Amount of sample we had available to run  GC-MS  The instrument itself during the second week no longer held pressure and required daily checks and could only run 1 sample a day these are the error samples

13.  Overall Hazelnut and Walnut oils were very successful matching up to the IR spectras  Nutmeg did not match up to the expected standard but did after looking at our results we found it matched nutmeg oil.  Unexpected Success  Caraway Seeds were overall unsuccessful and we did not have enough time to analyze our product due to issues with the GC-MS

14.  We could run other nuts since the two we ran were so successful.  We could develop a better technique for the extraction of caraway seeds.  In the future, the process for determining the best technique for each spice or nut could be worked out.  We could also do further research and determine if essential oils can be extracted from any other foods or products.

15. Amanda =] Oh, SFE Problems