1. Andre Gonzaga, YSP Student, Framingham High School Devan Tierney, YSP Student, Foxborough High School Omid Askari, PhD Student, Northeastern University Ali Moghaddas, PhD Student, Northeastern University Hameed Metghalchi, Mechanical Engineering, Northeastern University

2. Fuels include methane, JP- 8, JP-10, decane, and bio- fuel. Determine the most energy-efficient gases and liquids and if they would function properly with different combustion mechanisms. Background:

3. Gas Tanks Gas Manifold System Pump Combustion Chamber Gas Chromatography System Shadowgraph System Excel Log File

4. Difficult to create certain compositions of mixtures with exact proportions, even with the GC. Reducing the initial temperature of the vessel. Unwanted residual on the windows of glass on the vessel decreases the quality of the pictures. When fuel is being combusted, the noise and vibrations that are produced skew the pressure curve. Challenges:

5. Laminar Flame Speed Fundamental property of a combustible mixture of gases and/or liquids. Speed at which an unstretched laminar flame propagates (spreads out and moves against) a mixture of unburned reactants. Depends on temperature, pressure, types of reactants, and the equivalence ratio o Equivalence ratio is the ratio of combustible fuel to air, measured in Phi (Φ)

6. CH₄ + Air T = 298 K P = 14.7 psi Pressure vs. Time during flame propagation

7. First Project: Build the combustion chamber using SolidWorks. o 2-D and 3-D CAD Program The design can be easily modified, adjusted and tested on the computer. The design is a combination of the two cylindrical chambers that have already been constructed. Focus on main framework initially, then on the more difficult parts. o Electrodes, lever arm, bottom rod

8. Build a cooling system for the combustion chamber. The chamber already has a heating system. Starting temperature can range from room temperature to high temperatures (500K.) The chamber needs to reach temperatures as low as 0 degrees Celsius to conduct additional research.

9. Glycol Chiller R134A Refrigerant Glycol Storage Temperature Control Device Cooling Pump Cooling Snake Flow Passageway

10. Instead of using R134A as a refrigerant liquid, it can be used as a gas that can be easily manipulated. Gay-Lussac's law P/T = k By lowering the pressure inside of the passageway, the temperature of the R134A decreases.

11. Design a new layout for the lab in order to make the lab space more efficient. Move certain instruments, machines, and lines closer to each other and closer to the combustion table. Keep in mind how the machines work and how much space they take up.

12. Acknowledgements: Center for STEM Education Young Scholars Program & Team Claire Duggan - Director Kassi Stein, Jake Holstein, Chi Tse - YSP Coordinators Hameed Metghalchi - Professor, Mechanical Engineering Omid Askari, Ali Moghaddas – PhD Students

13. Any Questions?