1. Experiment two Cultivation Techniques of microorganism
Culture medium
Inoculation and transfer techniques
Examination of Microbial Flora
Examination of bacteria in the air
Examination of bacteria in the Skin
Examination of bacteria in the Throat

2. Cultivation Techniques of microorganism

3. Culture medium concept:
is the mixture of various nutrients that is suitable for the growth of microorganisms.

4. Culture medium Classification of culture medium：
According to basic ingredients:
Minimal essential growth medium
enrichment medium
selective medium
differential medium
According to physical condition:
liquid medium
solid medium: 1.5～2.5% of agar
semisolid medium: 0.3～0.5% of agar

5. Culture medium Classification of culture medium：
Phenomena of bacterial growth:
In liquid medium：surface growth pellicle, uniformly turbid, sediment in bottom
On solid medium ：
Confluent growth
Colony
In semisolid medium
Only grow along the line of inoculation
Grow diffusely

6. Inoculation and transfer techniques
Streak plate technique------isolation and culture
Slant inoculation pure culture
Liquid medium inoculation pure culture
Semisolid medium inoculation pure culture

7. Streak Plate Method PURPOSE:
Isolation and culture of bacteria growing together in a specimen
MATERIALS:
l. Mixed broth culture of Escherichia coli
and staphylococcus aureus.
2. Nutrient agar plate.

8. Streak Plate Method PROCEDURE:
Flame your inoculating loop until the wire
glows red.
Allow the loop to cool and get a loopful of the suspension of sample.
Pick up your plate and streak the surface, Flame the loop before streaking next section. When streaking, be care not to cut into the agar and not to be far away from flame.

9. Streak Plate Method PROCEDURE:
Cover the petridish, invert the plate. Sterilize the loop, label your name, date et al.
Incubate the plate at 37℃ for hours.
Observe the bacterial
colonies.

11. Streak Plate Method RESULT:
observe the location and characteristics of the bacterial colonies:
Size
Shape: circular, irregular, spreading
Color
Density: transparent, or opaque
Elevation
Margin
Hemolysis
Surface: rough or smooth, dry or moist.
Bacillus subtilis
Proteus vulgaris

12. mucoid
Staphylococcus aureus
Streptococcus pyogenes

13. Agar Slope Method MATERIALS : PROCEDURE : 1. Agar slope
2. Colonies on agar plate
PROCEDURE :
1. With the flame-sterilized wire inoculating loop,
transfer a small amount of bacteria from the
colony on agar plate. Then streak on the agar slope.
2. Sterile the mouth of tubes, replug the test tubes and flame the loop.
3. Label and incubate at 37℃ for hours
4. Observe your result.

14. Agar Slope Method RESULTS :
There are many similar wet colonies on the surface. If there are some other forms, it indicates culture sample is not pure.

15. Liquid Medium Culture MATERIALS： PROCEDURE： 1. Peptone water
2. Colonies on agar plate
PROCEDURE：
1. Flame -sterilize the wire inoculating loop.
2. Insert the wire loop containing a small amount
of bacteria into the liquid culture robe.
3. Scratch the wall of tube over the broth in order
to let bacteria drop into the liquid.

17. Liquid Medium Culture PROCEDURE：
4. Flame the mouth of the tube and reinsert the
cotton plug. Flame-sterilize the wire loop.
5. Label the tube, incubate at 37℃ for 24 hours
6. Observe the result.
RESULTS:
turbid, sediment, pellicle

18. pellicle
contrast
sediment
turbid

19. Semisolid medium Culture
METHODS:
1. Flame-sterilize inoculating needle.
2. Insert the needle with a small bacteria to the
center of the culture, be care not to touch the
bottom of the tube, then draw it out in the same way.
3. Flame the mouth of the tube and reinsert the cotton
plug. Flame-sterilize the needle.
4. Label the tube, incubate for 24 hours at 37℃.
5. Observe the result.

20. Semisolid medium Culture
RESULTS:
Motile bacteria will migrate from the line of inoculation to form a diffuse turbidity in the surrounding medium;
nonmobile bacteria will grow only along the line of inoculation.

21. Examination of Microbial Flora

22. Examination of bacteria in air
METHODS:
1. Take a nutrient agar plate, choose any place inside,
open the plate, expose it in air for 5 minutes,
2. cover it and mark place, class and group. .
3. Observe the results after cultivation in a incubator for
24 hours.
RESULTS
Count colonies which grow in the agar plate.

23. Examination of bacteriain the Skin
PROCEDURE :
1. Soak sterile cotton swab in sterile saline for a moment, scrub finger or skin of forearm with the swab for several times, then streak on the half surface of a agar plate.
2. Disinfect your skin by 2.5% tincture of iodine and 75% alcohol, repeat the former step by streaking the cotton swab on the other half surface of the agar plate.
3.Incubate plates for 18~24 hours at 37℃，observe the result.
RESULTS
Compare the distribution of bacteria before and after the disinfection.

24. before the disinfection
after the disinfection.
Incubate plates for 18~24 hours at 37℃

25. Examination of bacteria in the Throat
PROCEDURE :
1. Label a blood agar plate with the initial
2. Held a blood agar plate 15-cm distant from the mouth
with the dominant hand.
3. Rapidly remove the cover of the plate with another hand , cough heavily to the exposed blood agar 3 and 4 times to ensure mucous in the throat will drop to the agar surface , and then immediately close the plate.
4. Incubate the plate in an inverted position for 18~24 hours at 37℃.
RESULTS
Observe the growth of various kinds of bacteria