1. Umweltbundesamt Anlaufstelle Basler Übereinkommen
Dr. Joachim Wuttke
Waste Definition, Waste Classification
Umweltbundesamt Anlaufstelle Basler Übereinkommen

2. Umweltbundesamt Anlaufstelle Basler Übereinkommen
Outlook
waste definition
hazardous waste definition
waste – non-waste
waste classification
exercise on waste definition and waste classification
Umweltbundesamt Anlaufstelle Basler Übereinkommen

3. waste definition and classification
product
green
list
amber
red
Art. 11
document
notification procedure
disposal
recycling
not
listed
Umweltbundesamt Anlaufstelle Basler Übereinkommen

4. Umweltbundesamt Anlaufstelle Basler Übereinkommen
waste definition
Basel Convention
Article 2 - Definitions
For the purposes of this Convention:
1.     "Wastes" are substances or objects which are disposed of or are intended to be disposed of or are required to be disposed of by the provisions of national law;
Umweltbundesamt Anlaufstelle Basler Übereinkommen

5. Umweltbundesamt Anlaufstelle Basler Übereinkommen
waste definition
Waste Framework Directive (75/442/EEC)
Article 1
For the purposes of this Directive:
(a) ‘waste’ shall mean any substance or object in the categories set out in Annex I which the holder discards or intends or is required to discard.
Umweltbundesamt Anlaufstelle Basler Übereinkommen

6. Umweltbundesamt Anlaufstelle Basler Übereinkommen
waste definition
Annex I of Waste Framework Directive
Q1 Production or consumption residues not otherwise specified below
Q6 Unusable parts (e.g. reject batteries, exhausted catalysts, etc.)
Q8 Residues of industrial processes (e.g. slags, still bottoms, etc.)
Q16 Any materials, substances or products which are not contained in the above categories
Umweltbundesamt Anlaufstelle Basler Übereinkommen

7. Article 3 - Definition of Terms
waste definition
German Waste Act
Article Definition of Terms
(1) According to this Act, "waste" means all movable pro­ perty that falls within one of the categories listed in Annex 1 and which the owner disposes of, intends to dispose of or is required to dispose of. "Waste for recovery" is waste that is recovered; waste that is not recoverable is "waste for dis­ posal".
(2) Disposal as referred to in Para 1 occurs when the owner presents movable property for recovery within the meaning of Annex IIB, or for disposal within the meaning of Annex IIA, or when the owner gives up actual physical ownership over the property and any further purpose for it ceases to exist.
Umweltbundesamt Anlaufstelle Basler Übereinkommen

8. hazardous waste definition
Basel Convention
Article Scope of the Convention
1. The following wastes that are subject to transboundary movement shall be "hazardous wastes" for the purposes of this Convention:
(a) Wastes that belong to any category contained in Annex I, unless they do not possess any of the charac-teristics contained in Annex III; and
(b) Wastes that are not covered under paragraph (a) but are defined as, or are considered to be, hazardous wastes by the domestic legislation of the Party of export, import or transit.
2.  Wastes that belong to any category contained in Annex II that are subject to transboundary movement shall be "other wastes" for the purposes of this Convention.
Umweltbundesamt Anlaufstelle Basler Übereinkommen

9. Umweltbundesamt Anlaufstelle Basler Übereinkommen
waste / non-waste 1/6
A waste ceases to be a waste when
(a) it requires no further processing by a recovery operation;
AND
(b) the recovered material can and will be used in the same way as a material which has not been defined as waste;
(c) the recovered material meets all relevant health and environmental requirements
Source: FINAL GUIDANCE DOCUMENT FOR DISTINGUISHING WASTE FROM NON-WASTE
OECD Document ENV/EPOC/WMP(98)1/REV1)
Umweltbundesamt Anlaufstelle Basler Übereinkommen

10. Umweltbundesamt Anlaufstelle Basler Übereinkommen
waste / non-waste 2/6
Criteria
Is the material produced intentionally?
Is the material made in response to market demand?
Is the production of the material subject to quality control?
Does the material meet well deve-loped nationally and internationally recognised specifications/standards?
Umweltbundesamt Anlaufstelle Basler Übereinkommen

11. Umweltbundesamt Anlaufstelle Basler Übereinkommen
waste / non-waste 3/6
Criteria
Do these standards include environ-mental considerations, in addition to technical or economic considerations?
Is the material still suitable for its originally intended purpose?
Can the material be used for another purpose as a substitute material?
Is this processing limited to minor repair?
Umweltbundesamt Anlaufstelle Basler Übereinkommen

12. Umweltbundesamt Anlaufstelle Basler Übereinkommen
waste / non-waste 4/6
Criteria
Will the material actually be used in a production process?
Does the material have an identified use?
Can the material be used in its present form or in the same way as a raw material without being subjected to a recovery operation?
Umweltbundesamt Anlaufstelle Basler Übereinkommen

13. Umweltbundesamt Anlaufstelle Basler Übereinkommen
waste / non-waste 5/6
Criteria
Can the material be used only after it has been subjected to a recovery operation?
Is the use of the material as environ-mentally sound as that of a primary product?
Does the use of the material in a pro-duction process cause any increased risks to human health or the environ-ment greater than the use of the corresponding raw material?
Umweltbundesamt Anlaufstelle Basler Übereinkommen

14. Umweltbundesamt Anlaufstelle Basler Übereinkommen
waste / non-waste 6/6
Criteria
Is the overall economic value of the material negative?
Is the material no longer part of the normal commercial cycle or chain of utility?
Is further processing required before the material can be directly used in a manufacturing/commercial applica-tion?
Umweltbundesamt Anlaufstelle Basler Übereinkommen

15. waste / non-waste – end of life goods
Is the good used for its originally intended purpose?
Can the good be used directly without any further treatment for another purpose as a substitute material?
non-waste
Is repair necessary before the good is used for its originally intended purpose?
Is the good brought back the holder?
Umweltbundesamt Anlaufstelle Basler Übereinkommen

16. waste / non-waste – end of life goods
Is minor repair necessary?
case by case decision
Is major repair necessary?
waste
case by case decision
Umweltbundesamt Anlaufstelle Basler Übereinkommen

17. Umweltbundesamt Anlaufstelle Basler Übereinkommen
Waste Classification
Umweltbundesamt Anlaufstelle Basler Übereinkommen

18. Development of Waste Legislation 1/3
national regulations (i.e. German Waste Disposal Act of 1972)
waste definition
framework for waste disposal
 OECD-Decision C(88)90 Final
core list of waste (Y-List), disposal (D) and recovery (R) operations
reasons why a material is controlled (Q-List)
generic types of potential hazardous wastes (1994 harmonised with BC)
hazardous characteristics (H-Criteria), consti-tuents of potential hazardous wastes (C-List) 
Umweltbundesamt Anlaufstelle Basler Übereinkommen

19. Development of Waste Legislation 2/3
EU Waste Framework Directive (75/442/EEC) as amended
Q-List, R and D operations,
EU Hazardous Waste Directive (91/689/EEC)
generic types, C-List, slightly different H-criteria based on chemical legislation
Umweltbundesamt Anlaufstelle Basler Übereinkommen

20. Development of Waste Legislation 3/3
Basel Convention
Y-List of C(88)90 as Annex I
H-Criteria of C(88)90 as Annex III with reference to UN-RTDG
R and D operations of C(88)90 as Annex IV
Waste Lists of Annex VIII and Annex IX (developed based on OECD Waste Lists of C(92/39)
 new OECD Waste Lists of OECD Decision C(2001)107 developed based on Annex VIII and Annex IX of BC and the former Green, Amber and Red Lists of C(92/39) 
Umweltbundesamt Anlaufstelle Basler Übereinkommen

21. Waste Lists Comparison
1. Substance orientated
2. Source orientated
3. mixture of concepts
Umweltbundesamt Anlaufstelle Basler Übereinkommen

22. principles and systems of waste classification
substance orientated classification
OECD-Lists/Basel Lists
mixture of concepts LAGA-Waste Lists (until 1998)
ÖNORM (Austrian Waste List)
EU Waste List (since 2002)
EU Waste List ( )
source orientated classification
Umweltbundesamt Anlaufstelle Basler Übereinkommen

23. Waste List Comparison Basel OECD EU-WSR
  Basel
  OECD
 EU-WSR
scope
hazardous waste
R + D
hazardous + non-hazardous waste R
basics
intrinsic property:
A List
substance orientated
risk assessment:
Amber + Red
XX YY ZZ*
[D]
D: source orientated
EWL
R: substance orientated
OECD, In future: Basel A + B
Umweltbundesamt Anlaufstelle Basler Übereinkommen

24. European Waste List (EWL)
839 Waste codes
405 hazardous wastes
170 mirror entries
basic: intrinsic properties (H1 – H14)
Limit values based on classification of hazardous goods  
Umweltbundesamt Anlaufstelle Basler Übereinkommen

25. European Waste List (EWL)
General definition
dangerous substance
dynamic reference to list of hazardous goods
heavy metal  
Umweltbundesamt Anlaufstelle Basler Übereinkommen

26. European Waste List (EWL)
Step-In / Step-Out clause
step-out
in exceptional cases
proven by notifier
decided by competent authorities
step-in
waste exhibits a hazardous criteria
decision by a member state
has to be notified to COM
checked by COM whether amendments of EWL is necessary  
Umweltbundesamt Anlaufstelle Basler Übereinkommen

27. European Waste List (EWL)
How to deal with mirror entries?
find the appropriate mirror entry
check if sufficient scientific knowledge is available (hazardous goods classification, production process ….)
if no result:
check analytics available
worst case:
full analytics
Umweltbundesamt Anlaufstelle Basler Übereinkommen

28. European Waste List (EWL)
Use of list
first check chapter 1 – 12, 17 – 20
secondly check chapter 13 – 15
thirdly check chapter 16
lastly use codes ending with XX YY 99         
Umweltbundesamt Anlaufstelle Basler Übereinkommen

29. exercise on waste definition and waste classification
Umweltbundesamt Anlaufstelle Basler Übereinkommen

30. compressors from fridges
Umweltbundesamt Anlaufstelle Basler Übereinkommen

31. compressors from fridges
CFC
Umweltbundesamt Anlaufstelle Basler Übereinkommen

32. end of life mobil phones
visual pre-sorting
function control
mobile phone doesn't function: waste
Mobil phone is functioning: product
Umweltbundesamt Anlaufstelle Basler Übereinkommen

33. Umweltbundesamt Anlaufstelle Basler Übereinkommen
electronic scrap
Umweltbundesamt Anlaufstelle Basler Übereinkommen

34. Umweltbundesamt Anlaufstelle Basler Übereinkommen
CRT‘s
Umweltbundesamt Anlaufstelle Basler Übereinkommen

35. Umweltbundesamt Anlaufstelle Basler Übereinkommen
CRT‘s
Umweltbundesamt Anlaufstelle Basler Übereinkommen

36. waste — non-waste / waste classification exercise
sample
material description
OECD Code
Basel Code
EWL Code 1
tungstate (tungsten ore) 2
powdery scrap of hard metal, refractory metal (57% W, 8,5% Co, 1,1% Ti, 0,9% Ta, 0,4% Nb, 0,3% Ni) 8
mixed glass waste (from households) 13
CRT-glass cullet, funnel glass, not processed 21
wood pellets (fuel) 31
used catalyst, containing transition metals 39
brass dross, from shaping
Umweltbundesamt Anlaufstelle Basler Übereinkommen

37. Thank you for your attention
Umweltbundesamt Anlaufstelle Basler Übereinkommen

38. Umweltbundesamt Anlaufstelle Basler Übereinkommen
Wörlitzer Platz Dessau
 Anlaufstelle
Fax Anlaufstelle
Anlaufstelle
 Dr. Joachim Wuttke
Dr. Joachim Wuttke
Federal Environment Agency
Focal Point Basel Convention
Wörlitzer Platz Dessau
++49 (340)
++49 (340)
++49 (340)
Umweltbundesamt Anlaufstelle Basler Übereinkommen