1. 1 Coping with Pierce’s Disease in California ------- Another Insect- Vectored Bacterial Disease -------- Bob Wynn Statewide Coordinator CDFA / PDCP

2. 2 Glassy-winged Sharpshooter (GWSS) Xylella fastidiosa

3. 3 Glassy-winged Sharpshooter Is native to southeastern U.S. and northern Mexico Is native to southeastern U.S. and northern Mexico In southern CA since about 1990 In southern CA since about 1990 Has wide host range and builds to large numbers Has wide host range and builds to large numbers Feeds on the xylem (water-conducting elements) of plants Feeds on the xylem (water-conducting elements) of plants Vectors the bacterium Xylella fastidiosa Vectors the bacterium Xylella fastidiosa

4. 4 Xylella fastidiosa In California since about 1880 Causes plant disease by plugging up the xylem of plants Diseases include: –Pierce’s disease (grapes) –Almond leaf scorch (almonds) –Oleander leaf scorch (oleander) –Citrus variegated chlorosis (citrus) –Others

5. 5 What’s at Stake? -- California’s Grape Industry -- All Grapes 800,000 acres 6 million tons produced $3 billion farmgate value Winegrapes $51.8 billion state economic benefit $103 billion national economic benefit 309,000 jobs in California 759,000 jobs in the U.S.

6. 6 Background 1999: “Say goodbye to California wines.”

7. 7 Local Emergency in Temecula Chronology AUGUST 1999 SEPTEMBEROCTOBERNOVEMBERDECEMBERJANUARYFEBRUARYMARCH APRIL JULY 2000 CDFA Research Task Force Governor signs AB 1232 Advisory Task Force Appointed CDFA Draft Management Plan Pest Management Areas Form Federal Funds Requested Nursery Inspections Begin Grape Movement /Biocontrol GOVERNOR Appropriates $14 million Receives $22 mil. Federal Funds Emergency Regulations JUNE

8. 8 Impacted & At-Risk Areas Southern California (Temecula) Central California (Kern & Tulare Counties) Northern & Coastal California (Napa/Sonoma)

9. 9 PD & GWSS in California

10. 10 Management Practices for PD - Grapes - Pathogen Control Vineyard inspections and testing Roguing of diseased vines & vineyards Vector Control Trapping and monitoring Insecticide treatments Inspection & certification of bulk grape shipments Additional Measures Site vineyards away from pathogen & vector sources Removal of alternate hosts

11. 11 Grapes

12. 12 Grapevine Loss Assistance Program Part of Agricultural Risk Protection Act of 2000 Reimbursed growers for vineyards lost to PD & GWSS Encouraged vineyard removal, reducing amount of Xf inoculum

13. 13 Management Practices for PD - Nursery - Vector Control Trapping and monitoring Insecticide treatments Inspection and certification of shipments Safeguarding

14. 14 Nursery

15. 15 Management Practices for PD - Citrus - Vector Control Trapping and monitoring Systemic and contact insecticides Sanitation and safe harvesting Inspection and certification of bulk citrus shipments

16. 16 Bulk Citrus

17. 17 Area-wide Projects Coordinated vector control over large agricultural areas Trapping and monitoring Insecticide treatments

18. 18

19. The Basics  Target citrus in a geographically defined area –Timing of treatments –Grower participation  Assess the data –Current & historical trapping history (1/4 mile grid), survey data –Past treatments, existing pest management strategies –Other influences (organic citrus, windbreaks, other hosts)  Recommendtreatment treatmentscoordinator grower county growers reimbursed  Cooperation, cooperation, cooperation…

20. 20 Kern County GWSS

21. 21 Tulare County GWSS

22. 22 Area-wide Project Results Before After

23. 23 Biological Control G. ashmeadi G. morrilli (female) G. morrilli G. triguttatus G. fasciatus

24. 24 California Winegrape Assessment Based on value of harvested grapes Maximum rate is $3 per $1,000 of value Total collected in 7 years: $31.8 million $18.3 million used to fund 100 basic research projects since July 2001 Other expenditures include: Biocontrol Outreach PIPRA NAS review RSAP Research Director

25. 25 Research Searching for solutions to PD & GWSS Searching for solutions to PD & GWSS Over 200 projects, conducted by scientists from California, other states, the USDA- ARS, and Brazil Over 200 projects, conducted by scientists from California, other states, the USDA- ARS, and Brazil Research Symposium held annually to foster communication Research Symposium held annually to foster communication Examining intellectual property issues via contract with PIPRA Examining intellectual property issues via contract with PIPRA Research Director activities Research Director activities Research Program Review (RSAP) Research Program Review (RSAP)

26. 26 Areas with Significant Progress Identification of pathogen factors that mediate virulence (DSF, PGIPs, tolC) Identification of pathogen factors that mediate virulence (DSF, PGIPs, tolC) Grape and Xylella genomics Grape and Xylella genomics Potential for using transgenic rootstocks Potential for using transgenic rootstocks Area-wide control of insect vectors Area-wide control of insect vectors Epidemiology Epidemiology Biological control Biological control Breeding grapes for resistance Breeding grapes for resistance

27. 27 Questions?