1. Energy Systems
Here we go again

2. Three Key Energy Nutrients1. 2. 3.
_______________ is the usual form in which carbs are digested in humans
It is stored within the skeletal muscle and liver as _____________
Glucose can be broken down by the body to produce an _______________________
We use these through bioenergetic conversion to carry out physical activity

3. ATP
The end result of the breakdown of nutrients is the production of various amounts of adenosine triphosphate (ATP).

4. ATP- the science
ATP is the _______________ energy source for muscular contraction.
An ATP molecule consists of an adenosine molecule bonded to ____ phosphate (P) groups.
ATP molecules are supplied by chemical reactions that take place in the _________________ found in muscle cells.

5. ATP = ADP + Energy + P
HEAT
Chemical
reaction
ENERGY P P P P P P
Adenosine
Adenosine
To release the energy, a phosphate molecule breaks away from the phosphate group through hydrolysis to form adenosine diphosphate (ADP)

6. A A P P P P P ADP requires ___________ to become ATP again! Note:
Energy in
Energy out
Note:

7. Revisiting the Sliding Filament theory for Application of ATP Consumption
Breaking ATP into ADP releases energy and allows _________________________formation to occur between the myosin and actin filaments inside the muscle.

8. Two Energy Systems Aerobic Anaerobic
An energy system which is used in prolonged continuous activity in the presence of oxygen and does not produce lactic acid.
Anaerobic
Energy systems that do not rely on the immediate use of oxygen. There are two types of anaerobic energy systems.

9. 3 Metabolic Pathways Anaerobic Alactic (ATP-CP) or (ATP-PC)
A short term energy of both fast and slow twitch muscle fibres that does not require oxygen and does not produce lactic acid.
Anaerobic Lactic (glycolysis)
A fast twitch muscle energy system which does not require the immediate use of oxygen but does produce lactic acid.
Next Class:
Aerobic (cellular respiration)

10. Anaerobic Alactic - ATP-CP System
An immediate - _______________phosphate system
Involves _____ power output activities that require an immediate high rate of energy production for a short period of time.
HEAT P P P
Adenosine
ENERGY
Involves activities such as

11. As muscle contraction begins, the body’s metabolism may not be able to supply ATP to the contracting muscle cells as rapidly as required…
The body must then make use of _______________________.
(the chemical reaction that must occur for contraction)
ADP
Creatine phosphate serves as _____________________________
for muscles as it is broken down into creatine and phosphate.
CP-
P / C
Creatine
(on its own) + P P P
Adenosine
ENERGY
ATP

12. ATP- Potential Energy
The free phosphate ions bonds with ADP to produce ATP and leave behind creatine.
The new ATP molecule is stored as _____________________________.
Potential Energy

13. Anaerobic Alactic Characteristics
Oxygen is
Lactic acid is
Only a ___________ amount of ATP and CP is stored in muscle fibres;
Uses very large amounts of energy in a short period of time;
The rate of recovery is relatively rapid. After a brief rest, the system is recharged and ready for the next sprint;
The system can only provide energy for muscles for the first ___________ seconds of high intense activity;
Uses both fast and slow twitch muscles;
Work output is relatively high.
Formula:

14. Anaerobic Lactic - Glycolysis
If an athlete must continue vigorous work a ___________ energy system uses a complex biochemical process which __________________________________________________.
Lactic Acid
Carbs
Glucose/glycogen
ENERGY
ADP + P ATP

15. Glycolysis Glycolysis breaks _____________ down into energy (ATP)
Glucose is plentiful throughout the body
Glycolysis is the ____________ sequence of reaction in the full metabolsim of glucose
Therefore glycolysis alone will allow the body to be active for medium term activities

16. A A Glycolysis- produces 2 ATP 1 Glycogen molecule P P P P P P
Pyruvate/
Lactic Acid
Energy is produced with a buildup of________________

17. Characteristics of the Lactic Acid System
The energy source is entirely __________________;
Oxygen is
Energy is provided for
Uses predominately fast twitch muscle fibres
Work output is moderate
Used in sports such as football, basketball and hockey.
Formula:

18. The Effects of Lactic Acid
During intense exercise, lactic acid builds up in the blood __________________________.
As lactic acid builds up an athlete will reach their anaerobic threshold (AT).
This is the point where a person begins to feel discomfort and a ________________in their muscles
the muscle loses it ability to contract resulting in _____________________.

19. As work increases, the body reaches the:
At this point the anaerobic system can no longer keep pace with the increasing requirements of the muscles.
You either___________________________________
Low
Exercise Intensity
Moderate
The anaerobic threshold
is the highest intensity of
workload at which lactate
clearance still keeps pace
with lactate production.
Once this level is reached
the intensity level must
decrease to reduce the
amount of lactic acid buildup
High

20. The Effects of Lactic Acid
Lactic acid causes _____ changes in the muscle fibres and they can no longer respond to stimulation (___________________________________).
Lactic acid interferes with cross- bridge bonding by limiting the strength of the fibre contraction on the Actin.
When lactic acid accumulates, extreme fatigue sets in and __________________develops.
Oxygen debt is the reason you must breathe

21. Oxygen Debt
Oxygen debt refers to post exercise oxygen consumption where the body needs to _________________its debt incurred after the exercise is over
You will notice that even after you are done racing you will continue to breath hard.
At this point your body is still trying to repay the oxygen debt that was created when you were working hard.
After you stop ________________, your body needs extra oxygen to burn up the excess lactic acid and return your energy reserves to normal.
Lactic acid cannot be removed until

22. Cori Cyle
After exercise where lactic acid has built up you need to convert it back to ____________________
converting to ______ is important for future conversion to glucose and glycogen for future anaerobic use
In the muscle_________becomes __________ which can be transported in __________
lactate is transported by the blood to liver where most of it is converted back to glucose, from which glycogen is formed in a process called __________________
about one-sixth of the lactate is oxidized to carbon dioxide

24. The Effect of Training on the Lactic Acid System
At any level of work, the rate of lactic acid build-up is decreased through training.

25. How do you know if your workouts are pushing your Anaerobic Threshold?
Elite athletes use the _____________which requires a hand-held device that directly measures blood lactate concentration. The corresponding heart rate at the AT gives you a convenient way of monitoring your workouts.