2. The Causes of WW1 M ilitarism M ilitarism A lliances A lliances I mperialism I mperialism N ationalism N ationalism MAINMAIN MAIN CAUSES

3. L I A N C E S I L I T A R I S M P E R I A L I S M A T I O N A L I S M Main Causes Of World War One

4. Militarism 1. Germany Germany was competing with the UK to build battleships. The The British feared an attack on their Empire

5. Militarism 2. Militarism 2. Germany was competing with Russia and France to expand their armies Germany was competing with Russia and France to expand their armies 1880 1914 1880 1914 Germany1.3 million 5 million Germany1.3 million 5 million France½ million 4 million France½ million 4 million Russia½ million1.2 million Russia½ million1.2 million

6. Military Spending 1914 CountryMoney Spent Britain50 000 000 France40 000 000 Germany60 000 000 Austria-Hungary 22 500 000 Russia15 500 000 Italy10 000 000

8. Alliances By 1914 all the major powers were linked by a system of alliances. By 1914 all the major powers were linked by a system of alliances. Once war started, the alliances made it more likely to spread. Once war started, the alliances made it more likely to spread.

10. A German cartoon of the time shows their belief that France is like Britain’s prostitute.prostitute.

13. Imperialism All the great powers were competing for colonies / territory. All the great powers were competing for colonies / territory. The British feared Germany in Africa. The British feared Germany in Africa. The Austrians feared Serbia / Russia in the Balkans The Austrians feared Serbia / Russia in the Balkans

14. One of the major reasons for bad relations amongst the nations of Europe in the years before 1914 was that they were engaged in a struggle to obtain overseas colonies. (Imperialism)Imperialism

16. Many nations took part in what became known as the “Scramble for Africa”. Many nations took part in what became known as the “Scramble for Africa”.

17. This map shows Africa in 1914 and shows how much land the major nations had taken over. BRITAINFRANCEGERMANYITALYBELGIUMNEXT PAGE

18. British Colonies Britain had managed to get some of the most valuable land in Africa. The most important gain was Egypt because of the Suez Canal. This provided a much quicker and safer route to India – the “Jewel in the Crown” of the British Empire. EGYPT SUDAN SOUTH AFRICA BECHUANALAND RHODESIA NIGERIA BRITISH EAST AFRICA British Colonies

19. French Colonies MADAGASCAR FRENCH WEST AFRICA ALGERIA MOROCCO TUNIS FRENCH EQUATORIAL AFRICA France had also built up a large colonial empire, mostly in the north west of Africa. This had caused problems and there had been serious arguments over colonies such as Morocco and Tunis. Arguments over colonies caused bad feeling between Britain and France. French Colonies

20. German Colonies KAMERUN GERMAN EAST AFRICA GERMAN SOUTH WEST AFRICA Germany did not enter the race for colonies until very late and, as a result, much of the land gained was not very valuable. Despite this, Kaiser William II was determined that Germany should have a major empire. Germany entered the race for colonies late and did not have much territory of value. Kaiser Wilhelm II was determined that Germany should have a powerful empire. German Colonies

21. Belgian Colonies Even tiny Belgium had an African colony – the Belgian Congo. This was one of the reasons that Kaiser William II of Germany decided that his country must also have colonies. BELGIAN CONGO Even tiny Belgium had an African colony. This enraged the German Kaiser who was determined to get territory for Germany Belgian Colonies

22. Tiny Belgium Tiny Belgium

23. Colonial Disputes During the late 1800s, relations between Britain and France were strained by a series of disputes over African colonies. Both nations hoped to control Egypt and Morocco and this caused many bitter arguments.

25. Nationalism This is the belief that your nation is better than all others. This is the belief that your nation is better than all others. It is a feeling of superiority. It often leads to conflict with others. It is a feeling of superiority. It often leads to conflict with others. Serbia’s national flag

26. The Big Three! Three! Tsar Nicolas II Russia The leaders of three of the most powerful nations on the planet are first cousins and the grandsons of Queen Victoria of England Kaiser Wilhelm II Germany King George V Great Britain

27. The Spark 28 June 1914 28 June 1914 Heir to the Austrian throne Franz Ferdinand visits Sarajevo. Heir to the Austrian throne Franz Ferdinand visits Sarajevo. Seal of the Black Hand group

28. The Spark 2 “Black “Black Hand” terrorists attack the Arch Duke Gavrilo Gavrilo Princip shoots Archduke and wife in the afternoon.

29. The Spark 3 Austria Hungary, supported by Germany, threatens Serbia. Austria Hungary, supported by Germany, threatens Serbia. Russia mobilises her troops to support Serbia Russia mobilises her troops to support Serbia Germany demands that Russia stands her armies down. Germany demands that Russia stands her armies down. Germany declares war on Russia Germany declares war on Russia

30. L I A N C E S I L I T A R I S M P E R I A L I S M A T I O N A L I S M Main Causes Of World War One

31. Russia Germany Britain Serbia Austria-Hungary France Italy Because Canada is a colony of Britain we are automatically at war! Declaration of War 1914

32. Why did Canada get involved? Canada is a colony of Great Britain. Canada is a colony of Great Britain. All British colonies including Australia, India and Canada must support their mother country. All British colonies including Australia, India and Canada must support their mother country. When Britain declares war Canada is automatically at war! When Britain declares war Canada is automatically at war!

33. L I A N C E S I L I T A R I S M P E R I A L I S M A T I O N A L I S M Main Causes Of World War One

34. Militarism: Countries building up their army and navy Militarism: Countries building up their army and navy Alliances: Countries committing to support each other Alliances: Countries committing to support each other Imperialism: Powerful countries taking over weak countries Imperialism: Powerful countries taking over weak countries Nationalism: Countries thinking they are better than everyone else Nationalism: Countries thinking they are better than everyone else Spark: Assasination of Arch Duke Franz Ferdinand Spark: Assasination of Arch Duke Franz Ferdinand