1. World War I
Causes

2. GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT WWI
Started on July 28, 1914
Ended November 11, 1918
Almost 8 million died because of the war
Russia having the most : 1.7 million
22,000,000 wounded
MAP OF EUROPE GREATLY CHANGED

5. Karl Marx
German philosopher, political economist, historian, political theorist, sociologist, communist & revolutionary
Ideas created foundation of communism
Argued capitalism would produce internal tension and lead to destruction.
Created “ The Communist Manifesto” (1848)

6. Charles Darwin 1809-1882 Wrote:
“On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, 1859
All plants and animals have evolved over a long period of time
Those who survived had adapted to the environment
The Descent of Man, 1871
Ideas highly controversial; gradually accepted

7. Now for a bit of humor
The continuing Evolution of man

8. The Causes of World War I
Militarism
Alliances
Imperialism
Nationalism

9. Militarism
Militarism - Building up weapons and forces to get ready for war

10. Militarism Germany was competing with the UK to build battleships
The British feared an attack on their Empire, so they built even more battleships

11. Militarism
Germany was competing with Russia and France to expand their armies

12. Militarism
World War I was the first war in which advanced weaponry and tactics were used
There was a race for creating more weapons of mass destruction among nations
There was a desire to create a large amount of weapons as well as building up a nation’s army and navy

14. Nation
# of aircraft in 1914
Size of Army in 1914
# of soldiers who fought in war
Austria-Hungary 34
3 million
7.8 million
Britain
110
8.9 million
France
160
4 million
8.4 million
Germany
246
4.5 million
11 million
Russia
300
6 million
12 million
United States
4.4 million

15. Alliances
Alliance - Agreement or promise to defend and help another country, with military help if necessary

16. Alliances Aid – Supporting another country with the use of goods
Treaty – An agreement to not attack each other

17. Alliances
By 1914 all the major powers were linked by a system of alliances.
The alliances made it more likely that a war would start.
Once started, the alliances made war more likely to spread.

18. Alliances
By 1907, Europe was divided into two armed and rather fearful camps

19. Alliances Triple Alliance Triple Entente Germany Great Britain
Austria-Hungary
Italy
Great Britain
France
Russia

20. Alliances

23. Imperialism
Imperialism - When one country takes over another territory to try to build up an Empire
Empire – Where a powerful country controls several less powerful countries

24. Imperialism
All the great powers were competing for colonies and territory
The fiercest competition was between Britain and Germany and between France and Germany

25. Imperialism
Great Britain, Germany and France needed foreign markets after the increase in manufacturing caused by the Industrial Revolution.
These countries competed for economic expansion in Africa.
Clash of France against Germany and Britain in North Africa

28. Imperialism
The British did not want Germany involved in Africa

29. Imperialism
In the Middle East, the crumbling Ottoman Empire was alluring to Austria-Hungary, the Balkans and Russia
The Austrians did not want Serbia or Russia in the Balkans

30. Nationalism – having pride in your country, willing to defend it
Annex – to add as an extra part
Think: What are some holidays where people celebrate pride in their heritage?
Nationalism

31. This was an age when all nations wanted to assert their power and independence
Ottoman Empire  ruled the Balkan area for 400 years
Nationalism

32. Nationalism The Balkan Area Balkans
Albanians, Greeks, Romanians, and Slav
Slavs in Austria-Hungary, aided by Serbia and Russia, wanted to be free of Austrian rule
Each group was struggling for their own independence
Nationalism

33. THIS BECAME AN AREA OF CONFLICT
Bosnia
Area of great hostility
Austria- Hungary annexed Bosnia as one of its territories in 1908
Serbia was newly independent and thought that Bosnia should be one of their territories
THIS BECAME AN AREA OF CONFLICT
Nationalism

34. Key Figures Kaiser Wilhelm II
Aggressive foreign policy – wanted Germany to be a “Bully”
Built up German army and navy
Determined to make Germany a top nation
Distrusted by other powers
“Germany must have its place in the sun”
“The world belongs to the strong.”

35. Key Figures Count Berchtold
Austrian Foreign Minister, later Prime Minister
Hated Serbia, wanted a reason to have a war with them

36. The “Spark”

37. The Crisis
June 28, 1914
Heir to the Austrian throne, Franz Ferdinand, visits Sarajevo
Sarajevo was the capital of Bosnia, recently grabbed by Austria
Sarajevo was the center of Slav nationalism

39. Seal of the Black Hand group
The Crisis
Seal of the Black Hand group
THE BLACK HAND
Black Hand: Serbian nationalist group
The main objective of the Black Hand was the creation, by means of violence, of a Greater Serbia.

40. The Crisis “Black Hand” terrorists attack on the Arch Duke
Bomb attempt in the morning fails to kill the Arch Duke
Later in the day, Serb nationalist Gavrilo Princip shoots Archduke and his wife

41. The Crisis Austrians blame Serbia for supporting terrorists
Austrians, supported by Germany, send Serbia a tough ultimatum
Serbia agrees to all but two terms of the ultimatum
Russia prepares troops to support Serbia

42. The Crisis Germany demands that the Russian army stand down
Germany declares war on Russia

43. Domino Effect
Austria-Hungary blamed Serbia for Ferdinand’s death and declared war on Serbia.
Germany pledged their support for Austria –Hungary.
Russia pledged their support for Serbia.

44. Domino Effect Germany declares war on Russia.
France pledges their support for Russia.
Germany declares war on France.
Germany invades Belgium on the way to France.
Great Britain supports Belgium and declares war on Germany.