1. Protons, electrons, and neutrons
positively
Protons – ____________ charged particles of an atom.
_____________ – negatively charged particles of an atom.
Neutrons – particles in an atom that are ___________, or have no charge.
Electrons
neutral

2. Electron Energy Levels
Electrons are arranged in within the electron cloud.
Each energy level can hold a certain maximum number of electrons.
First level – ____
Second level – ____
Third level – ____ 2 8 8

3. Using the Periodic TableNa
What is the symbol for sodium?
Find Sodium’s atomic number.
What does this number represent?
How many electrons does sodium have?
How do you find the number of neutrons?
How many neutrons does Sodium have? 11
This number represent the number of protons. 11
Atomic mass – Atomic Number 12
23-11 = 12

4. The atoms have the outermost energy level filled.
Valence
most stable
The atoms have the outermost energy level filled.
Atoms in which the outermost energy level is filled do not easily gain or lose electrons, therefore they do not easily form compounds with other elements.
____________ electrons represent the number of electrons in the outer energy level.

5. Periodic Table
The groups, moving from left to right, are metals, metalloids, and non-metals.
, , and
Most of the elements in the periodic table are .
metals
metalloids
non-metals.
metals

6. Chemical Bonds
When two or more elements join together, they form a ________.
Compounds are held together by forces called chemical bonds.
Atoms can form chemical bonds by sharing electrons or by transferring electrons from one atom to another.
bond

7. (ex) NaCl = Sodium Chloride
Ionic bond – a compound that is formed through the _____________ of electrons.
(ex) NaCl = Sodium Chloride
When an atom loses an electron to move to another atom, it ends up with more protons than electrons. This results in an overall __________ charge.
transfer
positive

8. When an atom gains an electron from another atom, it ends up with more electrons with protons. This results in an overall ___________ charge.
Ions – electrically charged atoms.
(Ex) Na+ or Cl-
Covalent bond – a bond based on the attraction between atoms that share electrons (Ex) Water – H2O
negative

9. Drawing an Atom Fluorine Atom (F)
How many electrons does a Fluorine atom have? _______
9 P
10 N 9

10. Drawing an Ion Fluorine Ion (F-)
How many electrons does a Fluorine ion have? _______
9 P
10 N 10

11. Covalent Bonding (Water Molecule)
H2O
1 P
Hydrogen
8 P
8 N
Hydrogen
1 P
Oxygen

12. Chemical Properties + =
H2O
This is a type of a change.
chemical

13. 4Al2(SO4)2 Chemical Formulas
How many atoms of the following elements are present? Al S O 8 8 32

14. Compounds, Mixtures & Solutions
A is a material that contains two or more substances that cannot be chemically combined.
A is a mixture in which one substance is dissolved into another.
A is a combination of two or more elements that form a chemical bond.
solution
compound

15. Compounds, Mixtures & Solutions
Classify the following substances as a compound, mixture, or solution.
H2O NaCl air salt
salt water salad water CO2
Compound Mixture Solutions

16. States of Matter Solid Liquid Gas Plasma
Name the four states of matter.
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Plasma

17. States of Matter Identify the state of the following substances: Solid
Wood block
Carbon dioxide
lightning
gasoline
Neon
stars
water
desk
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Plasma

18. Density Mass Density = ---------- Volume Mass
Density – the measure of the _______ of an object divided by its __________.
Volume
Mass
Density =
Volume