1. The Northern Renaissance
Essential Question: How did cultural diffusion spread the ideas of the Italian Renaissance to the rest of Europe?

2. As these ideas spread, this “Northern Renaissance” developed its own characteristics
The Renaissance spread from Italy as scholars & merchants from other areas visited Italian city-states

3. The Renaissance in France was most known for its unique architecture

4. The Renaissance in England was most known for literature, especially the plays of William Shakespeare

5. The Renaissance in the Netherlands was most known for realism in art
Wedding Portrait by Jan Van Eyck

6. Renaissance ideas soon spread beyond Italy to northern Europe
Northern Renaissance
Renaissance ideas soon spread beyond Italy to northern Europe
Trade
Travel – people going to and from Italy
Printed materials
Universities opened

7. Activity: Trade in Europe
Using the background reading and the map of Renaissance trade routes, answer questions 1-7
Make sure your answers are specific – you will be turning this in!

8. Northern Renaissance Literature
Writers combined religion, fiction, and history
Created philosophical works, novels, dramas, and poems
Many believe William Shakespeare was the greatest writer of the Northern Renaissance
Plots not original  got inspiration from ancient and contemporary literature
Knowledge of natural science and humanism shows up in plays

9. Northern Renaissance Art
NOT just Italian techniques moving north!
Differences:
Italy:
change inspired by humanism
revival of ideas from ancient Greece and Rome
anyone with $ could be a patron
Europe
change driven by religious reform
princes & kings were patrons

10. Artists Use many Italian techniques
Northern art showed a more realistic view of life
Italian artists tried to capture beauty of Greek, Roman gods in paintings
Northern artists tried to depict people as they really were

11. Northern Renaissance Art Characteristics
Attention to details
Focus on realism & naturalism
Less emphasis on the “classical ideal”
Interest in landscapes
More emphasis on middle-class and peasant life
Details of domestic interiors
Great skill in portraiture

12. Flemish Realism

13. Van Eyck  The Crucifixion & The Last Judgment  1420-1425

14. Comparing Scenes of the Last Judgment

15. Giovanni Arnolfini and His Wife (Wedding Portrait) Jan Van Eyck 1434

16. Jan van Eyck - Giovanni Arnolfini & His Wife (details)

17. Rogier van der Weyden (1399-1464)
The Deposition
1435

18. van der Weyden’s Deposition (details)

19. Massys’ The Moneylender & His Wife, 1514

22. France

23. Renaissance Art in France
1494: France invaded Italy – brought ideas back
King Francis I
Encouraged humanistic learning
Invited da Vinci and others to France
Collected paintings by the great Italian masters

24. The School of Fontainebleau
Artists decorated the Royal Palace at Fontainebleau between the 1530s and the 1560s
Developed their own styles and adaptations of Italian techniques
Characterized by a refined elegance
Paintings were crowded with figures very close to elaborate stucco works
Works used a lot of symbolism
Gallery [right] by Rosso Fiorentino & Francesco Primaticcio

25. Germany

26. Lucas Cranach the Elder
Old Man with a Young Woman
Amorous Old Woman with a Young Man

27. Dürer The Last Supper Woodcut, 1510

28. Comparing the Last Supper

29. England

30. Holbein’s, The Ambassadors, 1533
A Skull

31. Multiple Perspectives

32. Burghley House for William Cecil
English focused on architecture
The largest & grandest house of the early Elizabethan era.

33. The Low
Countries

34. Hieronymus Bosch The Temptation of St. Anthony 1506-1507
Pessimistic view of human nature
Had a wild and lurid imagination.
Fanciful monsters & apparitions.
Didn‘t use many Italian ideas, like perspective
Figures are flat
Perspective is ignored

35. Bruegel’s, The Beggars, 1568 Peter Brugel the Elder
One of the greatest artistic geniuses of his age
Was deeply concerned with human vice and follies
A master of landscapes; not a portraitist
People in his works often have round, blank, heavy faces
They are expressionless, mindless, and sometimes malicious
They are types, rather than individuals
Their purpose is to convey a message

36. Bruegel’s, The Harvesters, 1565