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A Bug’s Life.

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Presentation on theme: "A Bug’s Life."— Presentation transcript:

1 A Bug’s Life

2 Entomology Study of insects Most successful and preponderant taxon
Most diverse of taxon Specially beetles: weevils Ants have largest biomass on globe

3 Arthropods Phylum Arthropoda = jointed feet
Insects, spiders, scorpions, sun spiders, ticks, mites, trilobites Sea spiders, crabs, shrimp, lobsters, amphipods, isopods, millipedes, centipedes

4 Arthropods

5 Characteristics Exoskeleton Open circulatory system
Chitin Open circulatory system Heart, ostia, dorsal blood vessel Double ganglionated ventral nerve cord

6 Insects Beetles Flies Moths, butterflies Fleas Lice Thrips Springtails
Silverfish, firebrats Mayflies Dragonflies, damselflies Earwigs Crickets, hoppers, katydids Roaches True bugs Bed bugs Beetles Dung, carrion, etc. Flies Moths, butterflies Fleas Lice Thrips

7 Relation to ecology How do insects communicate? CHEMICALS

8 Chemicals 2 types Pheromones: same species
Releasers: elicit immediate response Primers: modify physiological state Caste designation in termites Allomones: different species

9 Scheme Scheme similar to symbioses Sender/receiver +/+ → synomones
+/- → allomones -/+ → kairomones -/- → antimones

10 Synomones (+/+) : Allomones
Flower odors Sweet smell Foul smell

11 Synomones (+/+) : Pheromones
Sex Practically every insect Aggregation Aposematics Anti-aggregation Bark beetles Trail ants Alarm Ants Aphids Social wasps, bees

12 Defense Allomones (+/-)
TONS of arthropods Released from glands Hymenopterans Roaches Dung beetles Aquatic insects True bugs Cosmopepla bimaculata Triatoma spp.

13 Defense Allomones (+/-)
Stick insects of North Am. Bombardier beetle Termites Caterpillars osmeteria Vinegaroon Millipedes Anti-aphrodisiac pheromone Gnats, mussies Anti-oviposition pheromone Leave “scent” → don’t oviposit Egg mimic on plants

14 Defense Allomones (+/-)
Sequestration Caterpillars, moths, butterflies True bugs Beetles Reflex-bleeding Spanish fly

15

16 Allomones : Kairomones (-/+)
Release of aphid alarm pheromone Human sweat → female mussies Leaf “scent” → oviposition/feeding Tritrophic Level Interactions Caterpillar → Leaf→ Parasitoid wasp Sound cues! Crickets chirp → Parasitoid flies


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