6. First you have to buy a baby chick. When chicks are newly born they can be put in an incubator for around 24 hours. The baby chick’s feathers will not protect them from the cold so you will need to keep them warm. They should probably stay indoors for around 5 weeks. The first place the baby chicks live is called the brooder. This could just be a cardboard box. The bottom of the box should be cover with something soft like newspaper. This liner should be changed every couple of days so it is clean and dry. Chicks will need a lot of water so the water will need to be checked frequently. The first things the baby chicks will eat are ‘crumbles’. The chick’s beaks will need to be trimmed when they are very young. They need to be trimmed because if they aren’t the chicks will begin to peck each other which could cause problems. Along with their beaks the chicks wings will also need to be clipped this is so that the chicks don’t fly away. The clipping of chick’s wings doesn’t hurt them because you will only need to clip some feathers.

7. Chickens usually live in a chicken coop where they lay and roost. They also need a chicken run to get exercise. Their coop needs to be dry and clean. There also needs to be a place to hold food this has to be clean and dry and have a tight lid. Most chickens will search for their own food but you can throw in some oyster shells for calcium and grit for their beaks to work properly. Adult chickens can live in a cold environment if they have a coop to live in. All chickens have a threat of being eaten by a predator; small chickens have a greater risk. Ways to prevent this are by making fences around where your chickens are kept. Chicken behaviour is largely to do with what breed they are and their gender or size, but all breeds will be more placid (calm) if they are handed at birth.

10. The owner of the chickens must learn how to farm and care for them when they are baby chicks and fully grown birds. To start a chicken farm you need to have an appropriate budget. This budget will cover the costs of starting the farm for example: building or buying chicken coops, water systems, weekly budget and buying the chicks. First you need to have a piece of land that is specifically sized for the amount of birds and their size. The chickens need to have a house called a coop. You can make a coop or you can buy it online or from a dealer. We’ve worked out that for 20 families we would need about 3 chickens per family, so that would give you on average 2 eggs a day (because most families won’t eat eggs everyday). You will only need 2 roosters in your farm and you must keep them separate from the hens or else your eggs will be fertilised.

11. For 1 chicken you need at least 10sq feet of land, so if the families had about 60 chickens (overall) they would need 600 square feet of land. The land must have specific netting fenced around the land. This netting is called chicken mesh and it is used so that the chickens are enclosed and are safe from predators. The land must have grass for the chickens to eat and find food in.

12. The coops need to be a specific size. There needs to be 4sq feet per chicken. The coop must be opened all the time (including winter) so the chicken can have fresh air to be healthy. If the coop is not opened then the chickens will get diseases and will be stressed which causes them not to eat. The coop needs to be opened so the chickens can get out and exercise. You will also need to clean out the coop at least 4 times a week so the chickens are in a healthy environment.

13. The chickens will also need to be checked by a vet to ensure that they are healthy. When you are going to start a backyard chicken farm you need to make sure that you are obeying the law, so you will need to check the regulations for poultry farms.

14. Through this information it is easy to see that the 20 families would need a lot of land, equipment and time but if everyone cooperated everything would work out. From this information I agree with it and everything makes sense.

16. Although chickens are a fairly easy animal to care for there are some issues that may arise when owning and/or breeding chickens.

17. Curled toe/s this is when the chick’s toes begin to curl sometimes this is genetic and something’s it just begins to happen; to help this condition you can splint the toes and that will straighten them. Another disease is called ‘egg break disease’ this is when the chickens is nearly reaching the age of menopause and they are deficient in calcium and the shell of the eggs are not strong; this disease is usually fatal. Egg eating: this is when the chicken start acting with bad behaviour and can start eating eggs this can be cured by a large amount of attention. Spider mites are small red insects that bite chicken. Tape and Round worms will give the chickens a drop in egg production and diarrhoea. Lice is another issues that affects chickens. Red mites will make the egg production go down. Northern mites will give chickens a scabby comb, face and wattles. Chickens can also create problems for humans because chickens carry bacteria that can cause illness to humans; chicks are especially prone to shed bacteria. The most important bacteria humans need to be aware of is salmonella.

18. Through this information I can see that chickens do have some issues with health and sometimes can affect human’s health although I think if the community worked together to make sure the chickens are always in a clean, safe environment and checked for health issues often, so that this would not affect the way they live and the chickens would be fine.

20. Before grocery stores had dozens of eggs piled up on their shelves priced at $4 a dozen, thousands of people were finding out the benefits of raising their own chickens. Other than the obvious benefit of having a regular supply of eggs, there are seven other benefits from starting your own backyard flock of chickens:

21. Factory-farmed chickens live their lives never touching the earth and are treated poorly. They are also fed unnatural and unvaried food. These circumstances are made for chickens to produce eggs quickly and cheaply. But the outcome of it is that the egg is less nutritious than eggs that are produced by chickens that have been able to run and scrounge around for bugs and worms. It is proven that factory-farmed eggs have less vitamin E, vitamin A, omega-3 fatty acids and beta carotene than free-range eggs.

22. Fresh food always tastes the best. When you go to the supermarket to buy eggs, are they really fresh? When you have your own backyard flock you’re the person who picks up the eggs, which insures that your eggs are fresh and unharmed.

23. The manure from your chickens can be used as highly nutritious fertiliser for the garden.

24. Chickens eat grubs, worms, earwigs and other bugs which help keep your garden pest free which makes everything more convenient.

25. Their scratching will keep the top layer of soil loose which gives the soil effective water absorption.

26. It is cheaper to raise your own chickens for laying eggs because it doesn’t cost you anything apart from the additional feed and tools that might be needed to build the coop. You can even sell your eggs to other families.

27. Once your egg-laying chickens cannot lay any more eggs you can sell them off to meat companies/factories that will use the carcasses. Egg-laying chickens can be discarded by having them for tea as this is another sustainable way.

28. From viewing this information you can see that there are lots of good benefits from raising chickens. It shows that chickens can be sustainable in many ways and that it is uncostly too.

30. If you’re going to begin using chickens for meat and egg production, you need to know how to house them or who knows what might happen. Even though there are only a few points, they are very important and must be remembered.

31. Male chicks are separated from the female chicks This is because the male would fertilise the eggs of the females and this is unnecessary unless you are trying to breed chickens. The egg-layers are separated from the chickens bought up for meat This is so the chickens do not get mixed up and it’s convenient for you anyways.

32. We only found a few bits of key information that was important for this question. It was hard finding information but the bits of information we did find are logical. In our opinions I think these bits of information are useful.

39. http://library.thinkquest.org/05aug/00044/id33.htm http://www.small-farm-permaculture-and-sustainable- living.com/how_to_raise_chickens.html http://stonybrookfarm.wordpress.com/farming-practices/farming- practices-meat-chickens-aka-broilers/ http://www.ehow.com/how_5168706_start-egg-chickens-food- profit.html http://greenliving.lovetoknow.com/Raising_Chickens_for_Eggs http://www.demesne.info/Garden-Help/Keep-Chickens/ http://www.diychickencoops.com/raising-chickens/pros-and-cons-menu http://www.small-farm-permaculture-and-sustainable- living.com/how_to_raise_chickens.html http://www.ruleworks.co.uk/cgi- bin/TUfaq.exe?Guide=Poultry&Category=Poultry%20- %20General#q5 http://www.feathersite.com/Poultry/BRKRaisingChicks.html http://www.examiner.com/x-346-Gardening-Examiner~y2009m1d18- Ten-benefits-of-raising-backyard-chickens http://www.mnn.com/food/farms-gardens/stories/the- benefits-of-raising-chickens

40. http://www.grit.com/daily-commute/Best-Tasting-Heritage- Chicken-Breed.aspx http://www.grit.com/blogs/Choosing-A-Chicken-.aspx http://www.lifestyleblock.co.nz/poultry/article/260-what- breed-of-chicken-to-choose.html http://www.articlesnatch.com/topic/raise+chickens+for+mea t http://www.motherearthnews.com/eggs/resources.aspx http://smallfarm.about.com/od/farmanimals/a/buildyourfloc k.htm http://www.feathersite.com/Poultry/CGA/Broil/BRKMeat.ht ml http://www.startupbizhub.com/how-to-start-a-poultry- farm.htm http://www.startupbizhub.com/starting-chicken-farm- business.htm

41. http://www.alibaba.com/member/sobhiabdin.html http://www.backyardchickens.com/ http://www.chickenhop.com/info/info.html http://journeytoforever.org/farm_library/AD4.pdf http://www.elsenburg.com/infopaks/els/058/058e.html http://egglayingchickens.com/best-egg-laying-chicken- breeds.html http://attra.ncat.org/attra-pub/feeding.html http://www.enc-online.org/GoodNews.htm http://www.alive.com/454a2a2.php?subject_bread_cramb=816 http://www.mybackyardchickenfarm.com/ http://www.instructables.com/id/Backyard-Chicken-Coop/ http://www.google.com/search?q=+requirements+needed+to+fa rm+a+chicken%3F&rls=com.microsoft:en-us&ie=UTF- 8&oe=UTF-8&startIndex=&startPage=1