1. Finger print classification

2. What is a fingerprint? Finger skin is made of friction ridges, with pores (sweat glands). Friction ridges are created during fetal live and only the general shape is genetically defined

3. Primates also have fingerprints

4. So do koalas!

5. General Characteristics – macro- singularities Loops Whorls Arches

6. Arch

7. Tented Arch

8. Loops Left loop Right loop

9. Double loops

10. Whorl

11. Type lines

12. Ridge lines often flow in parallel producing features called whorl, loop and delta

13. The ridge-line flow can be described by a directional map (or directional image) which is a discrete matrix whose elements denote the orientation of the tangent to the ridge lines.

14. Minutiae Minutiae play a primary role for fingerprint matching, since most of the algorithms rely on the coincidence of minutiae to state whether two impressions are of the same finger or not. Minutiae matching, which is essentially a point pattern matching problem, constitutes the basis of most of the automatic algorithms for fingerprint comparison.

15. Types of minutiae

16. Micro-singularities, called minutiae or Galton characteristics, are determined by termination or bifurcation of the ridge lines.

17. Fingerprint minutiae Bifurcation, ridge ending, core, delta

18. Deltas

20. Fingerprint matching – finding points of correspondence

21. Accidental – unusual combinations

22. Scars produce unusual patterns

23. Some skin conditions can produce altered fingerprints

24. Twins have different fingerprints: overall pattern is similar, differ in fine details