1. ATMOSPHERIC HEATING

3. The Earth receives energy from the sun by radiation.
Radiation is the transfer of energy
as electromagnetic waves.

4. Although the sun radiates a huge amount of energy, Earth receives only about two-billionths of this energy. However, this small fraction is enough to drive the weather cycle and make Earth habitable.

5. Energy from the sun
is absorbed by the
atmosphere, land &
water and is changed
into thermal energy
25% scattered
and reflected by
clouds and air
20% absorbed by
ozone, clouds
& atmosphere
5% reflected by
earth’s surface
50% absorbed by
earth’s surface

7. Radiation: is electromagnetic waves that directly transport ENERGY through space. Sunlight is a form of radiation that is radiated through space to our planet without the aid of fluids or solids. The energy travels through nothingness! Just think of it! The sun transfers heat through 93 million miles of space. Because there are no solids (like a huge spoon) touching the sun and our planet, conduction is not responsible for bringing heat to Earth. Since there are no fluids (like air and water) in space, convection is not responsible for transferring the heat. Thus, radiation brings heat to our planet.

8. Radiation passes heat on as an electromagnetic wave called infra-red radiation.  All the heat from the Sun reaches us as electromagnetic radiation. 
Our eyes cannot see infra red, but a digital camera can.  Here is a picture of a hot plate that appears much brighter than it actually is because of the infra red radiation.
All objects can absorb
or emit radiation.

9. The hotter the object, the more radiation it emits. 
A heat sensitive camera can show hot spots. 
The cat's nose in the picture below is the hottest part.
Dark (especially black) surfaces absorb infra-red well.  White and silver surfaces reflect radiation. 

10. Thermal conduction is the transfer of thermal energy through a material.
It is always transferred from warm to cold areas.
When air molecules come into direct contact with the warm surface of Earth, thermal energy is transferred to the atmosphere.

11. Conduction is the transfer of energy through matter from particle to particle. It is the transfer and distribution of heat energy from atom to atom within a substance. For example, a spoon in a cup of hot soup becomes warmer because the heat from the soup is conducted along the spoon. Conduction is most effective in solids-but it can happen in fluids. Fun fact: Have you ever noticed that metals tend to feel cold? Believe it or not, they are not colder! They only feel colder because they conduct heat away from your hand. You perceive the heat that is leaving your hand as cold.

12. If you put a metal bar into a candle (or bunsen) flame, it gets hot quickly.  Soon you can't hold it.  If you put a glass bar into a candle, it won't get too hot to hold.  But if you touched the end that was in the flame, you would find that it was really hot!
The process in which heat passes through a solid substance is called conduction.  Metals are good conductors of heat.  Non-metals are generally bad conductors of heat.  Liquids and gases are bad conductors of heat as well.  A bad conductor of heat is called an insulator.  Your duvet traps air which is a good insulator.

13. CONVECTION
Hot water rises, cools, and falls.
Heated air rises, cools, then falls.  Air near heater is replaced by cooler air, and the cycle repeats.
What if coils were at the bottom?

14. Convection is the transfer of thermal energy by the circulation or movement of a gas or liquid.
Most thermal energy
in the atmosphere
is transferred by
convection.

15. As air is heated it becomes less dense and rises
As air is heated it becomes less dense and rises. Cool air is denser, so it sinks. As the cool air sinks, it pushes the warm air up. The cool air is eventually heated by the Earth’s surface and begins to rise again. This cycle of warm air rising and cool air sinking causes a circular movement of air, called a convection current.

16. Convection is the transfer of heat by the actual movement of the warmed matter. Heat leaves the coffee cup as the currents of steam and air rise. Convection is the transfer of heat energy in a gas or liquid by movement of currents. The heat moves with the fluid. Consider this: convection is responsible for making macaroni rise and fall in a pot of heated water. The warmer portions of the water are less dense and therefore, they rise. Meanwhile, the cooler portions of the water fall because they are denser.

17. Convection occurs only in liquids and gases
Convection occurs only in liquids and gases.  We call liquids and gases fluids.  It cannot happen in solids.  It needs particles to be free to move about.
When a liquid is heated, the molecules at the bottom move about with bigger vibrations.  They take up more space which means that the density goes down.  The less dense fluid rises.  It gives its energy to the fluid above, and cools down.  It becomes denser and falls back to the bottom.  A convection current is set up.

19. A radiator in a room heats
up the room by
convection (NOT radiation).

20. The greenhouse effect is… the rise in temperature
that the Earth experiences because certain
gases in the atmosphere (water vapor, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, and methane, for example) trap energy from the sun. Without these gases, heat would escape back into space and Earth’s
average temperature would be about 60ºF colder. Because of how they warm our world, these
gases are referred to as greenhouse gases.

21. Have you ever seen a greenhouse
Have you ever seen a greenhouse? Most greenhouses look like a small glass house. Greenhouses are used to grow plants, especially in the winter. Greenhouses work by trapping heat from the sun. The glass panels of the greenhouse let in light but keep heat from escaping.
This causes the greenhouse to heat up, much like the inside of a car parked in sunlight, and keeps the plants warm enough to live in the winter.

22. The Earth’s atmosphere is all around us. It is the air that we breathe
The Earth’s atmosphere is all around us. It is the air that we breathe. Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere behave much like the glass panes in a greenhouse. Sunlight enters the Earth's atmosphere, passing through the blanket of greenhouse gases. As it reaches the Earth's surface, land, water, and biosphere absorb the sunlight’s energy. Once absorbed, this energy is sent back into the atmosphere. Some of the energy passes back into space, but much of it remains trapped in the atmosphere by the greenhouse gases, causing our world to heat up.

24. The greenhouse effect is important
The greenhouse effect is important. Without the greenhouse effect, the Earth would not be warm enough for humans to live. But if the greenhouse effect becomes stronger, it could make the Earth warmer than usual. Even a little extra warming may cause problems for humans, plants, and animals.
The EPA Climate Change Kids Page—
Climate Change Animation

25. The warming effect of the Earth's atmosphere is called the greenhouse effect. Radiation from the Sun enters the atmosphere but is prevented from escaping back into space by gases such as carbon dioxide (produced for example, by the burning of fossil fuels), nitrogen oxides (from car exhausts), and CFCs (from aerosols and refrigerators). As these gases build up in the atmosphere, the Earth's average temperature is expected to rise.

26. Greenhouse Effect - animated diagram

27. Global warming is a gradual increase in average global temperature.
Many scientists have become concerned about data that show the average global temperatures have increased in the past 100 years. Some scientists believe that an increase of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere may be the cause of this warming trend.
Human activity, such as the burning of fossil fuels and deforestation, may be increasing levels of greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide, in the atmosphere. If this hypothesis is correct, increasing levels of greenhouse gases may cause global temperatures to continue to rise. If global warming continues, global climate patterns could be disrupted. Plants and animals that have adapted to specific climates would be affected.
However, scientists continue to debate whether the global warming trend is the result of an increase in greenhouse gases.
Global Warming Frequently Asked Questions

28. Bad Greenhouse - Facts and Answers to Misconceptions