1. Comparing Patriarchies AP World Fall 2013 Mr. Owen and Mr. Colden

2. Changing Patriarchy: The Case of China

3. The Han and Confucianism  Han Dynasty incorporated Confucian ideology  Confucianism   Pairs of opposites incorporated into patriarchy  Yang (Masculine)  Heaven, rulers, strength, rationality, light  Yin (Feminine)  Earth, subjects, weakness, emotion, darkness  Men’s sphere = Public ; Women’s sphere = home  “Three obediences”

4. Ban Zhao  Three customs for the birth of girl  Placed below the bed = “Lowly and Weak”  Given broken pottery toy = “her duty was to be industrious”  Birth announced to ancestors = responsible for “continuation of [ancestor] worship at home”  Get ready for more fun in… Document 5.1

5. Exceptions to Subordination  A few women had considerable power  Several led peasant rebellions  Honor given to mothers of Sons  Dowry was regarded as women’s property  Women valued as textile producers  Wives had high status than concubines  Peasant women labored in fields despite ideal of seclusion

6. Some officials blame women for collapse of Empire

7. China after the Han  Han Dynasty reigns from 206 BCE – 220 CE  Era of disunity  Followed by a brief Sui Dynasty (581 CE – 618 CE)  Tang Dynasty (618 CE -907 CE)  Nomadic people of Northern China  Nomads and gender Roles

8. Changing Patriarchy of Tang  Confucianism discredited  Daoism and Buddhism attracted new following  Daoism  Buddhism  Elite women found new powers  Capable of handling legal affairs  Inheriting property  Riding horses  Empress Wu (690 – 705 CE)  Restrictions will return with the Song

9. Contrasting Patriarchies: Athens and Sparta

10. Spartan Background  Athens  Unprecedented participation in political life  Male dominated  Definitions of citizen?  Aristotle  Sparta  Spartan expansion led to threat of rebellion  Helots  Emergency of a military regime.

11. AthensSparta Role in life: Role in Public Life: Role in the Home:

12. Athens vs. Sparta Wrap-up  Women were freer in Sparta despite militarized state and more secluded in Democratic Athens  How does this challenge our ideas of emerging patriarchy?