1. Canadian Light Source Inc. Our National Synchrotron Research Facility University of Saskatchewan www.lightsource.ca

2. National Synchrotron Research Institutes… (academic, gov’t & industry collaboration) Partnerships & Governance Synchrotron Project (build, commission, & academic leadership) USask Board of Governors Canadian Light Source Inc. (operate & develop additional beamlines) CLSI Board of Directors

3. University of Saskatchewan Innovation at the speed of light… Beautiful riverside campus in the heart of Canada… 20,000 students… City of Saskatoon (225,000) Innovation Place successful bio-R&D park… national leadership in bio-innovation & bio-informatics National leader in diversity & comprehensive Life Sciences research (ag, vet, bio-tech, enviro, health) International leader in Agriculture, Bio-technology, & Environmental research & teaching Only global university campus with a dozen life sciences research agencies, bio-R&D park, & a new synchrotron!

4. Campus map Innovation Place CLSI USask Campus N

5. How do Scientists find out about things? What do you do to find out about anything? Ask questions… ask a teacher… go to the library… Ask questions… ask a teacher… go to the library… Experiment by touching, tasting, smelling, listening or “looking around” Experiment by touching, tasting, smelling, listening or “looking around” Seeing uses LIGHT… the brighter the light, the more detailed the information available Seeing uses LIGHT… the brighter the light, the more detailed the information available Synchrotrons produce extremely brilliant light allows advanced technology microscopes allows advanced technology microscopes providing molecular level images providing molecular level images extensive chemical information extensive chemical information characterize the nature & structure of materials characterize the nature & structure of materials

6. Why Synchrotron Analysis? Molecular level details – extremely brilliant source of photons Orders of magnitude higher resolution (spatial & photon) Orders of magnitude higher resolution (spatial & photon) Dynamic studies in pressure, temperature, pH, gas Dynamic studies in pressure, temperature, pH, gas Cost-effective – in-situ, time resolved studies, trace element analysis Higher sample handling & data acquisition rates (smaller crystals) Higher sample handling & data acquisition rates (smaller crystals) Reduced sample prep. & intermediate chemistry processing Reduced sample prep. & intermediate chemistry processing Unique alternative analysis techniques Protein crystallography; MEMS; aqueous/amorphous Protein crystallography; MEMS; aqueous/amorphous Speciation of heavy metals (such as in mine tailings) Speciation of heavy metals (such as in mine tailings)

7. Light lets you see! Interaction of light with matter is very simple, that’s why scientists use it. How is light used to “look” at matter? Light interacting with the surface of a sample does one of three things. The light is… Absorbed Absorbed Reflected or Scattered Reflected or Scattered Refracted into frequency sub-components Refracted into frequency sub-components And more … And more …

8. “Brightness” SynchrotronLight Millions of times brighter than sunlight!

9. Electromagnetic Spectrum angstrom micronmillimetre

10. How are different types of light selected? White Light longer wavelengths (red) longer wavelengths (red) are bent less than shorter wavelengths (violet) Much like a prism bends sunlight into its different colours, beamlines select synchrotron light into frequency components

11. Canadian Light Source Inc. Vision To advance Canadian scientific and industrial capabilities by operating the Canadian Light Source facility as the national synchrotron research and development centre of excellence.

12. The Canadian Light Source Facility

13. Synchrotron Hall, Main Floor

14. Older Systems; JapanTaiwanKorea GermanyESRFSwedenSwitzerlandItaly USA x2 Newer Facilities; & Pending +1 CLSI UK & France Spain+1 ChinaAustralia+1

15. 1. E-gun & Linear Accelerator Synchrotron Operations

16. Electron Gun

17. E-gun uses 220,000 V DC power to heat up a tungsten oxide “button” which emits a small stream of electrons into a vacuum tube. These electrons are sped up in the linear accelerator to nearly the speed of light using microwave technology.

18. 1. E-gun & Linear Accelerator 2. Transfer Line & Booster Ring Synchrotron Operations

19. Transfer Line

20. Booster Ring

21. The beam of electrons that enters the booster ring is roughly the same thickness as a human hair In the booster ring microwaves further accelerate the power of the electron stream from 250 meV to 2900 meV (equivalent to 2 billion flashlight batteries)

22. 1. E-gun & Linear Accelerator 2. Transfer Line & Booster Ring 3. Storage Ring Synchrotron Operations

23. Storage Ring

24. The electrons circulate around the storage ring where large magnets manipulate and bend them A natural result of these manipulations is extremely brilliant light called … Synchrotron Light

25. Synchrotron Magnets From: Synchrotron Radiation Sources A Primer, H. Winick, 1994

26. 1. E-gun & Linear Accelerator 2. Transfer Line & Booster Ring 3. Storage Ring Synchrotron Operations 4. Beamlines & End Stations

27. Notional Beamline & End Station Layout ASI

28. Beam Lines Beams of synchrotron light are filtered to select the appropriate wavelength to answer specific questions. Scientists can observe the interaction between the light and the molecules in samples. Incredible amounts of data can be recorded from these experiments.

29. Beamline pix Brett Moldovan U of S/Cameco

30. First Light – photo taken Dec 9th

31. Applications Advanced Materials Hybrid materials Stress Transistors Foams Coatings, fibers, polymers, tires, fuel cells, pulp/paper, welding Coatings, fibers, polymers, tires, fuel cells, pulp/paper, welding IT, storage, semi-conductors, sensors IT, storage, semi-conductors, sensors Micro-electrical-mechanical-optical-fluidic systems (nano-enabling) Micro-electrical-mechanical-optical-fluidic systems (nano-enabling)

32. Materials… Antiwear Films Zn Dialkyl dithiphosphate (R = Alkyl or Aryl) Decomposes on metal surfaces in sliding contact ZDDP  Polyphosphates + Sulfides Anti-wear & Anti-oxidant Anti-wear & Anti-oxidant Reduces friction, wear & corrosion Reduces friction, wear & corrosion Improving environmental additives of lubricants Improving environmental additives of lubricants R OSSO R R – OSSO – R PZnP R OSSO R R – OSSO – R

33. Materials… Anti-wear Films Synchrotrons help research chemistry for self-healing satellite coatings (Phosphorus based coating react with atomic Oxygen to form a glass film) Low earth orbit is a harsh environment.

34. Materials… Better Paints DND Airplanes last longer with higher quality paints Synchrotron research can assist in designing paints & coatings that reduce corrosion Heiney & Butera, DND

35. Materials…Nano-technology Can micro-machines make our lives better? Sandia National Labs UW-Madison

36. Applications Environmental Geo-chemistry Earth Sciences Geology Bio-availability, foods, stability analysis, industrial processing Bio-availability, foods, stability analysis, industrial processing Oil tribology, corrosion, soils in situ, fingerprinting, energy Oil tribology, corrosion, soils in situ, fingerprinting, energy Remediation assessments, mining, waste management Remediation assessments, mining, waste management

37. Environmental… Synchrotron light can analyze exact forms of heavy metals, to demonstrate stability or bio-availability, & the potential to leach into ground water What is the nature of heavy metals in mine tailings? Arsenic ? Lead ? Selenium? … Clean-up! Brett Moldovan U of S/Cameco

38. Applications Life Sciences & Pharmaceutical Health Agriculture Biotech Designer molecules for next generation drugs Designer molecules for next generation drugs Biomedical imaging; cell chemistry; implantable devices Biomedical imaging; cell chemistry; implantable devices Genome & proteomics; treatment therapies Genome & proteomics; treatment therapies

39. “Biology of Systems” Function of Protein Molecules in Cells ESRF

40. Hemoglobin Studies STCC Foundation Press Thousands of atoms in hemoglobin molecules “communicate” with each other, using vibrational energy – to know when to “drop off” or “pick up” oxygen molecules

41. Functionality of Proteins; Proteomics Carbohydrate binding protein used to identify O-type blood Overactive PCK protein increases glucose production in diabetes Dr Gerald Audette, USask

42. Applications in Plant Sciences Study of structure and function of plant proteins Study of structure and function of plant proteins Analyzing structural and chemical features in plants and grain. Analyzing structural and chemical features in plants and grain. Distribution patterns of minerals in healthy and sick plants Distribution patterns of minerals in healthy and sick plants Chemistry of toxic elements in plants Chemistry of toxic elements in plants

43. Protein Crystallography – Bt proteins Spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana The most important spruce defoliator in Canada and Northern US can be killed with the CryIAa protein. Spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana The most important spruce defoliator in Canada and Northern US can be killed with the CryIAa protein. Spruce budworm, the most important spruce defoliator in Canada and the Northern USA defoliator in Canada and the Northern USA can be killed with Cry1Aa Bt endotoxin protein can be killed with Cry1Aa Bt endotoxin protein Spruce budworm Choristoneura fumiferana Grochulski and Masson 2003

44. Chemical Composition of Barley Barley (Harrington 2000-BI-704) Light Microscope Image False Colour Intensity Map 3D IR Spectra Individual Spot False Colour Scale 1510 cm -1 lignan 1650 cm -1 amide I 1180-1000 cm -1 total CHO 1246 cm -1 cellulose 1738 cm -1 lipid (C=O ester) Yu et al. 2003. J. Agric. Food Chem. 51: 6062-6067 SSIADF

45. Disease Resistance: Take-All Results: Mn 2+ in clear agar, Mn 4+ around dark infected roots Schulze et al., 1995

46. Medical Imaging in Europe ESRF Original patient chair for diagnostic, cellular scans, & full-body treatments, at ESRF in France

47. Synchrotron Medical Imaging X-ray Techniques of a Mouse Alveoli SPring-8

48. Human Finger 90 0 Energy = 20keV Apparent RefractionApparent Absorption Dr. William Thomlinson, CLS

49. Initial Capital Funding – $140.9M “New capital” portion of $173.5M total project value

50. Peer Reviewed Access (by project or block time) CLSI types of “Customer Access” Academic Access infers “Intent to Publish” Collaborations intend to selectively publish, with some controls (IP & processes in agreements) Fully Confidential; IP Owned by industry; “buying photons”… up to turn-key services Data Consumables, travel, admin May also recover operations costs & some overheads (case-by-case formulae…) Fee-for-service price, quick-response, dedicated “FedEx” turn-key model $$ First-come-first-served Commercial Proprietary Full cost recoverable Funding Sources Reviewed Funded by Granting Councils Academic self-serve; including beamteam members Academic fee-for-service Commercial Collaborations academic, gov’t, industry

51. Follow-up Opportunities Encourage national & international participation BC, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Ontario, Québec (others pending) BC, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Ontario, Québec (others pending) Suggest technical questions, & research abstracts Suggest technical questions, & research abstracts Distribute promotional brochures, web site referals Distribute promotional brochures, web site referals Invite to presentations, conferences, seminars Technical & specialist briefings by arrangement Technical & specialist briefings by arrangement Consider possibilities for “demonstration science” & training Consider possibilities for “demonstration science” & training Join a Beamteam, or the Users Advisory Committee (UAC) Join a Beamteam, or the Users Advisory Committee (UAC) Encourage visits to CLSI… Annual Users Meeting in November Encourage visits to CLSI… Annual Users Meeting in November Stay informed… www.lightsource.ca Sign-up to receive CLSI e-newsletter

52. Educational Outreach Place synchrotron science “on the agenda” Web development Web development Curriculum linkages (multi-disciplinary) Curriculum linkages (multi-disciplinary) Competitions & recognition Competitions & recognition Science projects option list; mentors Science projects option list; mentors Classroom materials Classroom materials Demonstration animations Demonstration animations Saskatoon Science Centre Saskatoon Science Centre

53. Caffeine Molecule C 8 H 10 N 4 O 2

54. Canadian Light Source Inc. Our National Synchrotron Research Facility University of Saskatchewan www.lightsource.ca