1. بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم

3.  The study of life at the molecular level.  Biochemistry is a Research Discipline Applicable to the Real World. Biochemistry: From Atoms to Molecules to Cells :  Biochemical studies lead to a more fundamental understanding of life & impacts the treatment of disease & solves environmental problems.

5.  diagnose and monitor disease.  design drugs (new antibiotics, chemotherapy agents).  Protein and metabolic diseases (diabetes mellitus, hypertension, sickle cell anemia, endocrine diseases, etc…).

6.  new herbicides and pesticides.  transgenic crops.

7.  Synthesis of new drugs.  Detoxification.  Other industrial processes.

8. Conformational:  structure and 3D arrangements of biomolecules. Metabolism:  energy production and utilization. Informational:  language for communication inside and between cells. DNA RNA Protein Cellular Processes.

9. 1. Mouth pipetting should be prohibited. 2. Eating, Drinking, Smoking and applying cosmetics should not be permitted in the laboratory work area. 3. The laboratory should be kept neat, clean and free of materials not pertinent to the work. 4. Work surface should be decontaminated at least once a day, and after any spill of potentially dangerous material. 5. Cleaning the glassware after use. Code of practice:

10.  Incompatible Chemicals: Many chemicals commonly found in the laboratory undergo dangerous reactions if allowed to come into contact during storage or else where.  Other chemicals are known to have reported acute and chronic effects.

11. 1. Clean your portion of the desktop, scrubbing it with soap and rinsing it if necessary. 2. Clean through your desk and the sink at the end. 3. Clean and dry all apparatus. 4. Leave no marks or labels on glassware other than unavoidable scratches and etches. 5. Oil the screws on the lamp and iron ring. 6. Empty the desk completely and line the drawer with a paper towel. 7. Arrange the apparatus.

13.  Wear safety glasses all times when you are in the laboratory.  Learn the exact locations of eyewash fountains, fire extinguishers, fire alarms, fire blankets, and other safety features in your laboratory, as will as how to use these devices.  Work only during the scheduled laboratory periods and perform only authorized experiments.

14.  If you feel faint, sit down right away.  Do not apply salves or ointments on the burned areas, let the doctor decide the treatment.  Discard unused chemicals, do not return them to reagent bottles.  Never put a medicine cropper or a pipette from your desk into a reagent bottle but, instead pour a very small amount of the regent quantities.  Try to keep inner walls of bottle stoppers or corks from touching tops of desks.

15.  Neither food nor beverage is allowed in the laboratory.  Never taste chemical. Check odors only very cautiously.  Discard all waste solids-water-insoluble chemicals, litmus paper, used matches, broken glass, paper towels-into crocks at the end of your laboratory bench.  Your shoes should cover your feet to protect them from spilled chemicals or dropped objects.  Always pour concentrated acid into water (never water into acid).

16. Materials causing immediate toxic effects. Materials causing moderate toxic effects. Toxic:

17. Flammable:

18. Explosive:

20. Radioactive: