1. GHG Inventory System in Albania Ermira Fida, MBA Mirela Kamberi, MSc Climate Change Unit/Program VERTIC/REC UNFCCC and Kyoto Protocol Workshop Budapest, Hungary 9 – 10 October, 2006

2. Albania & UNFCCC Joined the UNFCCC in 1995 Non-Annex I Party to the UNFCCC Joined the Kyoto Protocol on 16 December 2004 INC completed on July 2002 Submitted to the UNFCCC Secretariat Launched at COP8, India. Technology Needs Assessment completed on November 2004 SNC started (March 2005) Stocktaking exercise completed SNC Project Document approved from GEF GHG inventory under preparation Vulnerability and adaptation analysis under preparation

3. Why National Communications? Article 4 … to develop, periodically update, publish and make available to the COP, national inventories of anthropogenic emissions of GHGs… …to formulate, implement publish, and regularly update national and where appropriate, regional programs containing measures to mitigate climate change and to facilitate adaptation to climate change… …to communicate to the COP, through the Secretariat, the above elements UNFCCC

4. Institutional capacity for NCs Relies upon the responsibility of the Climate Change Unit: Based under the Ministry of Environment of Albania Responsible for managements and implementation of UNDP-GEF portfolio for climate change Responsible for implementation of the UNFCCC and Kyoto Protocol.

5. Institutional framework for NCs Manager of UNDP-GEF Climate Change Program UNDP-RBEC UNDP-GEF NCSP UNDP Albania Inventory Abatement V&A Mainstreaming MoETE Technical teams Institutions, NGO, Ministries MoAFCP EESD Hydromet INSTAT others Ministry of Environment, Forests & Water Management

6. UNDP-GEF climate change portfolio Projects‘99‘00‘01‘02‘03‘04‘05‘06’07.. INC TNA Reg.GHG Inv Stock-take SNC Solar PDF B Global SWH Project Adapt. PDF A (pipeline)

7. Executive Summary Country Profile GHG inventory Vulnerability and adaptation Public awareness, training, … Problems, constraints References Abatement analysis National Climate Action Plan Content of the Albania’s INC

8. Country Profile Square DemographyEconomy Energy Agriculture Livestock EducationTourism Climate Water Geography Environment Forests Industry Transport

9. GHG inventory: the scope GHG emissions ALBANIA CO 2 CH 4 N2ON2O CO NMVOC NO x Energy Agriculture Industry Forests Waste Solvents CO 2 /GDP CO 2 /capita Key Sources Data gaps Uncertainty CO 2 /GDP 1994 base year 1990-1994 ( CO 2 /energy)

10. GHG inventory: the approach 10/CP2 & draft revised UNFCCC guidelines: Old GEF operational guidelines for Expedited Procedures for NC for NAI Parties. Revised 1996 IPCC guidelines CORINAIR Classification of Solvents IPCC default EFs Country specific EFs EF(wood stoves, industrial boilers classification of fruit trees IPCC Good Practice Guidance Uncertainty estimates Key sources

11. GHG inventory: Main findings [7061.45 Gg] CO 2 eqv emissions total CO 2 - the main GHG Energy sector –the main source category Forest sector – GHG emitter rather than sink

12. GHG inventory: main indicators CO 2 /Capita CO 2 /GDP

13. CH 4 enteric ferment. CO 2 – fuel wood CO 2 -fuel combustion in industry CO 2 -fuel combustion in energy CO 2 -fuel combustion in transport CH 4 -waste 22% 21% 14% 11% 8% 4% CO 2 – agriculture 2% GHG inventory – Key sources

14. Phase II – Tech. Needs Assessment Complementary to the Albania’s INC Reviewed measures proposed under INC in the light of new socio-economic developments and priorities. Scope of assessment: GHG abatement Energy, Transport, LUCF, Waste, Agriculture Adaptation Coastal area Approach used: UNDP-GEF handbook for TNA Multi criteria analysis, weights and scores. Other country experiences Main output: Albania’s TNA report Priority technology needs for each sector under assessment A package of project idea notes

15. SNC: What is new? National Circumstances Update the socio-economic development profile GHG inventory Base year 2000 Time-series 1994-2000 Improved data (through UNDP-GEF regional project) Reduced uncertainties GHG abatement Update the INC scenarios Extended scenarios: 2005-2025 V&A Utilize the Adaptation Policy Framework Focused on a priority system: Drini River Cascade

16. NIS and GHG inventory in Albania: before the start up of the Regional Project on Improvement of the GHG Inventory; at the end of the Regional Project on Improvement of the GHG Inventory Regional Project on Improvement of the GHG Inventory

17. Recalling that: A National Inventory System (NIS) is a set of relations / network between people and institutions to ensure: Availability of the GHG inventory Sustainability of the GHG inventory process Consistency of reported emission estimates Standard quality results

18. NIS documentation before the regional project Inventory documents Albania’s First National Communication GHG inventory chapter for 1994 GHG inventory report A simple report which has been extracted to produce the GHG inventory chapter for FNC Inventory “round” documents Manual QA/QC GHG improvement strategy Archiving Almost missing !!

19. GHG inventory activity data sources No “statistical office” for activity collection and provision for the purpose of GHG inventory. INSTAT and different line ministries and institutes provide data upon our request..On 1994 INSTAT set up the Business Register of economic enterprises on the basis of the activity and number of employees.

20. GHG inventory activity data flow ENERGY & TRANSPORT (sectors) INDUSTRY & SOLVENT (sectors) AGRICULTURE (sector) LUCF (sector) WASTE (sector) GHG INVENTORY TEAM TOTAL GHG EMISSIONS FOR YEAR 1994 National Agency of Energy Ministry of Industry and Energy INSTAT Ministry of Economy Ministry of Agriculture and Food Institute of Veterinary Ministry of Agriculture and Food Institute of Forestry National Agency of Environment Regional Agencies of Environment Ministry of Territory INSTAT

21. GHG inventory-Data Gaps Inconsistency or/and low level of disaggregating of AD to the IPCC format transport, energy consumption in industry, wood biomass burned for energy,… High variability of AD among ’90s due to the transition phase transport, fuel consumption in industry, agriculture Lack of reported data from the private activities lime production, livestock breeding, biomass burned for energy

22. GHG inventory-level of uncertainty  Overall uncertainty of GHG inventory 19.2%  Significant contributor – fuel wood with 79.2%;  The total combined uncertainty (CO 2 ) – 19.4%  Significant contributor – LUCF with 95.6%;  The total combined uncertainty (CH 4 ) – 55.8%  Significant contributor - enteric fermentation with 47%;  The total combined uncertainty (N 2 O) – 391%  Significant contributor – stationary fuel combustion, energy manufacturing and construction industries, with 353%.

23. Albania’s NIS documentation at the end of the regional project Inventory documents Improved inventory for key sources (regional) Improved AD (1994-2000) for key sources GHG national inventory report A detailed NIR Inventory “round” documents Manual of procedures QA/QC Archiving GHG improvement strategy

24. Improvement of GHG inventory How? Use data/inventories from other projects / studies Apply correlation, interpolation, extrapolation when judged that gives trustable results Survey method to be used under SNC phase.

25. National Inventory Report A detailed National Inventory Report Emission estimates Categories, sectors Methodology used for estimates Data available, Data gaps, barriers Key sources Uncertainty level Annexes

26. Manual of procedures Institutional arrangements for GHG inventory Sources of data for each category Planning/steps of an inventory cycle Reporting format for inventory Methodology to perform an inventory Methodology to fill data gaps QA/QC plan Other relevant documentation Annexes

27. Strategy for improvement of inventory Short-term strategy-(2004-2006) Regional project strategy Collect new data when exist, develop methodology to fill data gaps when do not exist Mid-term Strategy-(2006 – 2009) SNC /Second GHG inventory project strategy Use new data and the soft methodology developed under the regional project.

28. Archiving…

29. Archiving…

30. Other achievements Increasing the number of the inventory experts from 5 to 11 Training of inventory experts on GPG Training of trainers Increased level of awareness on climate change issues and GHG inventory Inventory component has been addressed under the Article 6 Project funded by UNEP Survey: 40% of interviewed people knows about National Communication and likely the same share knows GHG inventory as well. Communication strategy Competition for posters National stakeholders workshop Presentation of regional project results has been made Regional Project related information can be accessed under the national web page.

31. Improvement of the inventory case of waste category

32. FNC figures for 1994, WASTE

33. Urban & Rural Albanian population: General Registration 1990

34. Urban & Rural population : General Registration 1990 & 1999

35. Urban population: General Registration of 1990 & 1999

36. Rural population: General Registration of 1990 & 1999

37. Urban population: Correction based in General Registrations of 1990 & 1999

38. Av. specific waste daily production after the corrected number of population (kg/day capita)

39. Aver. spec. daily production of waste after the correction (kg/day capita). Tirana Albania Elbasan Durres

40. Corrected figures

41. CH 4 emissions from Waste

42. N 2 O emissions from Waste

43. CO 2 eqv. emissions from Waste

44. Follow up… Update the Meta documents under the SNC phase. Utilization of improved data for the SNC phase Keep exchanging the information between the participating countries after the project closure Keep raising awareness on the importance of the NIS and GHG exercise.

45. Efforts in mainstreaming… National Communication process not only for reporting commitments under UNFCCC but for programming as well: Major findings from INC/TNA addressed to the National Energy Strategy that complements NSSED Mobilizing resources to funding of priority technologies Energy efficiency (buildings) Solar panels –HWS Raise awareness among policy makers on climate change Kyoto Protocol

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