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Published byTracey Coral Greer Modified over 9 years ago
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Tissues
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Epithelial – surface, lining body cavities Connective – hard and soft Muscle – movement Nervous - communication
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After two wks. three germ layers produced – endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm Histogenesis determines the tissue type. Epitheial – all Connective/muscle – mesoderm Nervous - ectoderm
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Membranous – Body covering Vessels Resp., digestive, GU systems Glandular - Endocrine and exocrine glands
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Protection Sensory – skin, nose, eye, ear Secretion – hormones, sweat, mucus, digestive enzymes Absorption – gut – resp. gases Excretion – renal tubules
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Limited matrix material Under scope appears as tightly packed sheets Epithelium attached to basal membrane (layer of connective tissue by a thin noncellular layer) Glycoproteins (basal lamina) secreted by epithelial cells and a mesh of fibers (reticular lamina) produced by the connective tissue Adhesive molecules (integrins) help bind cytoskeleton of epithelial cells to basement membrane
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Avascular Diffusion allows for O2 and nutrients Can reproduce themselves
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Based on cell shape Based on layers of cells
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Give criteria Flat One layer Scale-like Diffusion easy through this tissue Alveoli, pleura, pericardium, lymph vessels
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One layer Cube shaped Glands kidneys
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Mucus membrane Stomach lining Uterus Intestine Goblet cells – secretory vesicles – mucus Microvilli present Surface structure expands – fan demo
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Air passages Urethra Cells differ in height and gives false impression of stratification Resp.system lining = cilia moves one direction for protection = in or out?
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Keratinized Protective factor on outer surface -keratohyaline Resistance to friction and traction Dry Typically impermeable Non-keratinized Lining the vagina, mouth, esophagus Free surface is moist Allows diffusion of materials
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Two or more rows arranged randomly over basement membrane Sweat gland ducts Pharynx Part of epiglottis
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Multiple layers Rare locations Male urethra Mucus layer near anus
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Find in areas of stress and tension change Wall of bladder Shape changes from cuboidal to columnar DURING THE VOIDING PROCESSS, THIS TISSUE GOES THROUGH GREAT TRANSITION!
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Secretory in nature Exocrine glands – discharge secretion into ducts saliva Endocrine glands – discharge secretion into the blood hormones
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Apocrine Holocrine Merocrine
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? What is the most widespread abundant tissue? Nerve tissue is derived from what germ layer? Define tissue Blood is a member of what tissue type?
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What tissue lines body cavities? Function of epithelial tissue Where is keratinized squamous epithelium found? Know glandular differences Function of connective tissue Where is collagenous tissue found?
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One of the Most widespread tissues in the body
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Delicate tissue paper webs Tough resilient cords Rigid bones Blood
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Connects – muscle to muscle Supports - framework Transports - nutrients, hormones, waste Defends - skin
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Matrix – intracellular material Ground substance – embedded in matrix along with fibers and fluid Qualities of matrix and fibers determine structure of tissue Blood – matrix is plasma – no fibers, many cells (except during coagulation) Number of fibers determine consistency/strength
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Collagenous – white – tough and strong – occur in bundles (provides strength) Possibly accounting for more than one-fourth of protein in body Typically reflects aging process Reticular – elastic and delicate – occur in networks (supports nerves, capillaries) These are produced by fibroblasts and some other cells
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Made of elastin Found in tissues that can stretch – nose, etc. What do you know about elastic products?
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Protein fibers + proteoglycans (polysacharide chains – glucosamine) = matrix fluid This fluid is thick Barrier for microbes Also, transparent lubricant to hold tissue together
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Structural characteristics of the intracellular material Fibrous – extracellular fibers are predominant feature Bone – fibers and hard mineral ground substance Cartilage – ground substance traps water to form a firm gel Blood - lack of fibers in matrix
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Loose/ordinary/areolar Stretchable Most widely distributed of all tissues Connects adjacent structures – acts like glue that permits movement Term areolar refers to bubbly effect when pulled apart on dissection Matrix is soft, thick gel but hyaluronic acid can turn it watery IM absorption increases with watery state Strep bacterium release this acid to allow for ease of permeability
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Macrophages carry on phagocytosis Type of WBC – mast cell
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Predominately fat cells and few fibroblasts, macrophages and mast cells Provides padding Storage insulation
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Three dimensional web (reticular network) Framework of the spleen, lymph, bone marrow Defense mechanism that acts as a filter, traps and eats invaders
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Fibers packed densely in matrix Few fibroblasts Regular/irregular – depends on arrangement of fibers Dense – bundles of fibers of collagen – tendons (flexible and great strength) ligament – mostly elastic fibers Irregular – bundles not in parallel rows, but thick mat - dermis
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Osseous Most specialized of connective tissue Collagen and mineral salts (65%) which creates density and strength Support/protection/mineral reserve Basic unit of the bone is the osteon (Haversian system) Osteocytes located in lacunae – arranged in concentric manner called lamellae Canaliculi connect each lacuna and osteocyte with bl vessels in Haversian canal
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Osteoblast Osteocyte osteoclast
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Only has one cell type – chondrocyte Chondrocytes produce fibers and tough gristle ground substance Also found in lacunae Avascular – diffusion Cartilage injury heals slowly
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Fibrocartilage – strongest/most durable Strong densly packed collagen Intervertebral disks,meniscus Elastic cartilage – little collagen/great amt of elastic fibers Great flexibility External ear, voice box, larynx Hyaline (glass) - low amount of collagen – shiny/transparent Esophageal rings, end of bones
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Most unusual Liquid state No ground substance or fibers Plasma (55%) and formed elements (cells) Body transport Maintains body temp. Regulates ph of body fluids Phagocytosis/defense Hematopoiesis – red marrow
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3 types Skeletal – striated - voluntary Smooth - involuntary Cardiac - cross striations and bands
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More developed excitability and conductivity than other tissue types Organs – brain, spinal cord, nerves Neurons – basic unit Neuroglia – supporting/connecting cells Cell body – soma Axon – away Dendrite - down
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Damage = scars = keloid Phagocytic cells remove debris Regeneration Fibrous tissue Granulation tissue Greatest regeneration capacity – epithelial and connective Muscle – limited regeneration – decreased strength Nerves – limited regeneration brain and spinal cord do not regenerate Nerve growth factor may prove successful
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Epithelial Cutaneous Serous Parietal – lines wall of cavity like wallpaper Visceral – covers organs Peritoneum – covers abd. viscera Mucus Produce mucus Defense Moistens food Lubricant for digestion Connective Line spaces btwn bones Synovial fluid
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Neoplasm – new matter Benign Malignant Tumor Metastasis Papilloma – fingerlike projections Adenoma – tumor of gland Nevus – mole Hyperplasia – too many cells Anaplasia - undifferentiated cells
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CA Genetic Environmental Ingestion Inhalation Radiation
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Detection of CA MRI CAT scan X-Ray Serum Self-exam Bx.
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Grading staging
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TMT Herbal Psychotherapy Chemotherapy Radiation PO med Laser Immunotherapy – Nuclear meds Gene therapy
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How are salivary glands classified? What is known as loose ordinary connective tissue? What is the purpose of adipose tissue? What kind of tissue is red bone marrow? Another name for skeletal muscle
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What tissue is composed of neurons? Most prevalent cartilage? Cilia are found on what types of cells? Most complex tissue Mature bone cells are called – Characteristics of skeletal muscles
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Define matrix Phagocytosis Keloid Inflammation process
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