1. SOLVENT Development of a ventilated solar-screen glazing system consortium concept objectives glass properties glass selection overview problem tool energy calcs dissemination home ENK6-CT1999-00019 IMPLEMENTATION OF THE “SOLVENT” GLAZING SYSTEM: A USER-FRIENDLY DESIGN TOOL Evyatar Erell and Yair Etzion (Ben-Gurion U.) Jose Molina (U. of Seville) and Ismael Rodriguez (U. of Cadiz) Vitor Leal and Eduardo Maldonado (U. of Porto) ENERBUILD RTD PROJECT MEETING 22-23 October, 2002 Lyon, France

2. SOLVENT Development of a ventilated solar-screen glazing system consortium concept objectives glass properties glass selection overview problem tool energy calcs dissemination home Overview Part 1: What is the SOLVENT project: Exposition of the research problem, project objectives and indicative results. Part 2: The user-friendly design tool as a means of assisting professionals in the building industry to specify an appropriate glazing combination for their project. Part 3: Dissemination activities

3. SOLVENT Development of a ventilated solar-screen glazing system consortium concept objectives glass properties glass selection overview problem tool energy calcs dissemination home PART 1: THE SOLVENT PROJECT (in brief!)

4. SOLVENT Development of a ventilated solar-screen glazing system consortium concept objectives glass properties glass selection overview problem tool energy calcs dissemination home 1. Direct exposure to solar radiation often results in: - visual discomfort due to glare - thermal discomfort due to high radiative load - deterioration and fading of furnishings In climates with cool, sunny winters and warm summers, direct gain systems have several drawbacks: What is the SOLVENT glazing system (I): Problem definition Is it possible to overcome these problems yet not lose the benefits of solar heating by direct gain? 2.Large glazed areas are useful in winter, but may cause over-heating in summer.

5. SOLVENT Development of a ventilated solar-screen glazing system consortium concept objectives glass properties glass selection overview problem tool energy calcs dissemination home What is the “SOLVENT” glazing system (II): The concept

6. SOLVENT Development of a ventilated solar-screen glazing system consortium concept objectives glass properties glass selection overview problem tool energy calcs dissemination home The project aimed to complete the development of an innovative glazing system, which is based on the concept of converting short-wave solar radiation to convective heat and long wave radiation. Develop aerodynamic, thermal and optical models Design a suitable frame Experimental evaluation Develop a design tool and guidelines for installation The outcome is a tested product ready for demonstration and commercial exploitation. Project objectives

7. SOLVENT Development of a ventilated solar-screen glazing system consortium concept objectives glass properties glass selection overview problem tool energy calcs dissemination home Sde Boqer test window, September 1, 2001 Indicative experimental results (I): Glass surface temperature glass surface temperatures (summer mode) Solar radiation is absorbed in the tinted glass, resulting in temperature elevations of 20 degrees or more above ambient air.

8. SOLVENT Development of a ventilated solar-screen glazing system consortium concept objectives glass properties glass selection overview problem tool energy calcs dissemination home (Sde-Boqer test cell, February 3, 2002) Indicative experimental results (II): Air temperature vertical temperature profile in air channel (winter mode) Room air enters the bottom of the vented channel, absorbs energy from the warm glass, and is supplied to the room up 20 degrees warmer.

9. SOLVENT Development of a ventilated solar-screen glazing system consortium concept objectives glass properties glass selection overview problem tool energy calcs dissemination home Indicative experimental results (III): Illumination levels illumination (0.85 m above floor), exterior daylight – approx. 110,000 lux. Improved daylighting observed: Smaller (absolute) contrast and lower levels of illumination in conditions of extremely intense sunlight. Clear double-glazed window SOLVENT window 2004006001,0002,0003,0004,0005,00010,00015,00020,00025,00030,00050,000 lux

10. SOLVENT Development of a ventilated solar-screen glazing system consortium concept objectives glass properties glass selection overview problem tool energy calcs dissemination home PART 2: THE USER-FRIENDLY DESIGN TOOL

11. SOLVENT Development of a ventilated solar-screen glazing system consortium concept objectives glass properties glass selection overview problem tool energy calcs dissemination home User-friendly design tool The SOLVENT user-friendly tool is targeted at architects and energy consultants in the building construction industry. Purpose: 1.To assist in the selection of an appropriate absorptive glazing. 2.To evaluate the energy performance of the integrated system.

12. SOLVENT Development of a ventilated solar-screen glazing system consortium concept objectives glass properties glass selection overview problem tool energy calcs dissemination home Glazing properties  The clear glazing should be as clear as possible (to allow solar gains in winter) and should provide a high level of thermal insulation (preferably low-e)  The absorptive glazing should be as dark as possible, to block solar gains in the summer. Thermal considerations: Daylighting considerations:  The tinted glazing should be absorptive enough to control glare on sunny days  The tinted glazing should allow reasonable daylighting on overcast days The first step is to select an appropriate absorptive glass!

13. SOLVENT Development of a ventilated solar-screen glazing system consortium concept objectives glass properties glass selection overview problem tool energy calcs dissemination home Daylight availability – local conditions source: Meteonorm

14. SOLVENT Development of a ventilated solar-screen glazing system consortium concept objectives glass properties glass selection overview problem tool energy calcs dissemination home Glazing selection 1. Detailed simulation (e.g. RADIANCE): Accurate; time consuming; requires professional software, such as RADIANCE; requires skilled user. go to slideslide 2. A simplified simulation tool – SOLDES: The SOLvent Daylight Evaluation Script is an interface with RADIANCE Semi-professional; Requires specific software to be installed in the computer, and basic Unix/Linux knowledge. go to slideslide 3. A library of pre-worked examples: Crude; restricted to limited number of building typologies and environmental conditions; easy to use. go to slideslide

15. SOLVENT Development of a ventilated solar-screen glazing system consortium concept objectives glass properties glass selection overview problem tool energy calcs dissemination home Daylight simulation with RADIANCE back

16. SOLVENT Development of a ventilated solar-screen glazing system consortium concept objectives glass properties glass selection overview problem tool energy calcs dissemination home Input data for SOLDES Room width dept and height Window width (W), depth (D) and height (H), followed by Horizontal (HD) and Vertical (VD) distance to origin Reflectivity of the wall material Glazing transmissivity Number of viewpoints View point(s) coordinates Sun altitude and Azimuth Sky type W D H HD VD Origin point X Y Z back

17. SOLVENT Development of a ventilated solar-screen glazing system consortium concept objectives glass properties glass selection overview problem tool energy calcs dissemination home Pre-worked examples (I): Environmental conditions Global illuminance [kLux] Diffuse illuminance [kLux] Sky luminance 11040Very high luminance 8040High luminance 5030Medium luminance 2015Low luminance 10 Overcast 10 kLux

18. SOLVENT Development of a ventilated solar-screen glazing system consortium concept objectives glass properties glass selection overview problem tool energy calcs dissemination home Pre-worked examples (II): Room geometry Plan viewElevation Assume: Interior walls have a reflectivity of 80%

19. SOLVENT Development of a ventilated solar-screen glazing system consortium concept objectives glass properties glass selection overview problem tool energy calcs dissemination home SOLVENT design tool: Daylighting case study

20. SOLVENT Development of a ventilated solar-screen glazing system consortium concept objectives glass properties glass selection overview problem tool energy calcs dissemination home Energy calculation (I): Input window specifications

21. SOLVENT Development of a ventilated solar-screen glazing system consortium concept objectives glass properties glass selection overview problem tool energy calcs dissemination home Energy calculation (II): hourly results 1. Select location and date 2. Define operating conditions 3. Select desired output

22. SOLVENT Development of a ventilated solar-screen glazing system consortium concept objectives glass properties glass selection overview problem tool energy calcs dissemination home Energy calculation (III): daily results

23. SOLVENT Development of a ventilated solar-screen glazing system consortium concept objectives glass properties glass selection overview problem tool energy calcs dissemination home Energy calculation (IV): Monthly results

24. SOLVENT Development of a ventilated solar-screen glazing system consortium concept objectives glass properties glass selection overview problem tool energy calcs dissemination home Energy calculation (V): Compared to reference glazing

25. SOLVENT Development of a ventilated solar-screen glazing system consortium concept objectives glass properties glass selection overview problem tool energy calcs dissemination home PART 3: DISSEMINATION ACTIVITIES

26. SOLVENT Development of a ventilated solar-screen glazing system consortium concept objectives glass properties glass selection overview problem tool energy calcs dissemination home All test data to be collated and made available on CD or by internet, in conjunction with project reports. Academic publication of aerodynamic, thermal and optical models. A module describing the window is being prepared for integration in ESP-r. Design guidelines and a computerized tool are being developed in the project, to provide architects with technical information required for glazing selection. Dissemination (I) – software and documentation

27. SOLVENT Development of a ventilated solar-screen glazing system consortium concept objectives glass properties glass selection overview problem tool energy calcs dissemination home Overums Fonsterfabrik (window manufacturer) will promote the product by: product catalogues trade fairs The consortium will also publicize the window through environmental publications and internet sites, such WIRE (ISES) EU web services such as ‘MARKETPLACE’ Dissemination (II) – the glazing system

28. SOLVENT Development of a ventilated solar-screen glazing system consortium concept objectives glass properties glass selection overview problem tool energy calcs dissemination home A high-profile project for a “real” building, as opposed to an experimental or demonstration facility, is probably the best means of creating interest – in the construction industry, among building designers and in the general public. Dissemination (III) – demonstration project

29. SOLVENT Development of a ventilated solar-screen glazing system consortium concept objectives glass properties glass selection overview problem tool energy calcs dissemination home Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, ISRAEL Evyatar Erell and Yair Etzion AB Överums Fönsterfabrik, SWEDEN Nils Carlstrom University of Gävle, SWEDEN Mats Sandberg University of Seville, SPAIN Jose Luis Molina University of Porto, PORTUGAL Eduardo Maldonado Brandenburgische Technische Universitaet Cottbus, GERMANY Olaf Gutschker The SOLVENT consortium

30. SOLVENT Development of a ventilated solar-screen glazing system consortium concept objectives glass properties glass selection overview problem tool energy calcs dissemination home THANK YOU!