1. Keeping Time Notes Ancient man marked the passage of time in a variety of methods These included: 1.Sundials 2.Position of sun-sunrise/sunset 3.Pendulum 4.Constellations 5.Signs in nature: Nile flooding, hibernation, leaves changes, animals’ fur thickness. 6.Moon phases 7.Indian “calendar” stick/pelts 8.Hourglass 9.Water clock 10.Candle clock 11.Rope clock Gnomon-shadow caster on the sundial

2. 1.The different appearances of the moon due to its changing position are called ____________. 2.Waxing means it is getting (smaller or larger). 3.Waning means it is getting (smaller or larger) 4.__________ are daily movements of ocean water that change the level of the ocean’s surface. 5.(Spring or Neap) tides are tides with maximum daily range that occur during new and full moons. They are the highest tides. 6.(Spring or Neap) tides are tides with minimum daily tidal range that occur the first and last quarters of the moon.They are the lowest tides.

3. Seasons Vernal equinox-the spring day with exactly 12 hours daylight and 12 hours dark, usually March 21/22. Beginning of Spring. Autumnal equinox-the fall day with exactly 12 hours daylight and 12 hours dark, usually Sept. 21/22. Beginning of Fall. Summer Solstice-the summer day with longest daylight and shortest dark, usually June 21/22. Beginning of summer Winter Solstice-the winter day with shortest daylight and longest dark, usually Dec. 21/22. Beginning of winter.

4. Draw seasons diagram that is on the board: *Seasons are caused by the tilt of the earth on its axis and orbit around the Sun.

5. Lunar=moon Lunar Cycle=29.5 days Lunar calendar is based upon moon’s orbit around Earth “Month” derived from “moon” Moon rises a little less than 1 hour later each day. New Moon crescent quarter gibbous full

6. Waxing-moon appears to be larger and larger until full moon. Waning-moon appears to be smaller and smaller until new moon TIDES Draw tides diagrams on board! low high moon earth

7. 1. Fact: When we see the moon, we are looking at the part of the moon that is reflecting light from the sun. 2. Fact: It takes the moon an average of 29.5 days to orbit the Earth. 3. Fact: If the moon is SMALLER than a QUARTER, we call it CRESCENT. CRESCENT 4. Fact: If the moon is BIGGER than a QUARTER, we call it GIBBOUS. GIBBOUS 5. Fact: When the moon is GETTING BIGGER, it is WAXING. [ The part of the moon that we see will appear to be the RIGHT side of the moon.]WAXING 6. Fact: When the moon is GETTING SMALLER, it is WANING. [The part of the moon that we see will appear to be the LEFT side of the moon.] WANING 7. Fact: If the CRESCENT of the moon LOOKS LIKE THE LETTER C, the moon is SHRINKING (WANING).LOOKS LIKE THE LETTER C 8. Fact: If the CRESCENT of the moon CURVES LIKE THE LETTER D, the moon is getting bigger (Waxing).CURVES LIKE THE LETTER D 9. Fact: The New Moon can hardly be seen.New Moon 10. Fact: The Full Moon is as big as the moon can get.Full Moon

8. Pendulum 1583-Galileo Galilei proposed using pendulum to keep time. 3 variables: 1)Length of string 2)Weight 3)Angle of drop Circa~1600-when referring to a date, it means about. Also ca. Lost days-never occurred Calendars were switched Julian  Gregorian (Named after Julius Caesar)(named after Pope Gregory XIII) October 4, 1582  October 15, 1582

9. The Earth is divided into 24 time zones of 1 hour each. Set by Greenwich Meridian Time in Greenwich, England. (Prime Meridian)-also called Universal Time In U.S.-Eastern, Central, Mountain Pacific and Alaska-Hawaiian Time Zones  East, time gets later  West, time gets earlier A.D.-Anno Domini-”in the year of our Lord” B.C. –before Christ Solar Year- Based on Earth’s orbit around sun-365 days, 5 hours, 48 minutes, 46 seconds a.m.-ante meridiem-before noon p.m.-post meridiem-after noon