1. Christian Morality

2. The Importance of the Issue
New paradigms, new questions
Confusion
Ignorance of what the church teaches
Challenges of a rapidly changing society
Conflicting emotions, gut feelings, politics, and immature religion

3. Simply a set of rules and regulations to be obeyed or else?
What Is Morality?
Simply a set of rules and regulations to be obeyed or else?
SO MUCH MORE!!

4. Some Models of Morality
LEGAL
LOVE
DISCIPLESHIP
INNER CONVICTION/MORAL CONSCIENCE
Let’s look at these a little deeper

5. Legal Model: God as Judge/Law-Giver
Oldest model, deeply ingrained
From society’s need to organize itself, to help maintain peace and harmony;
Consequences for breaking laws
Morality synonymous with the Law
God is law-giver; we are obliged to obey
Extreme disobedience results in explusion from the Church

6. Limitations of the Legal Model: Extreme Responses
Scrupulosity: a preoccupation and fear of not perfectly following the law
Circumvention: asking how much we can get away with before committing a sin
Rigid imposition of the law stirs up rebellious questioning of authority; law seen as oppressive and burdensome
Relativism: I should be able to determine if it is right for me or not

7. The Need for the Law: Realizing that it is not the central component in morality………..
A truly mature adult sees the need for the law
Society will always need agreed upon norms and values that uphold the common good
These norms must and do drive our values

8. The Love Model
Based on the Two Great Commandments and the Beatitudes; from Jesus’ Sermon on the Mount
Such love is directed TOWARD OTHERS
Love that Jesus taught us by word and example drives our moral responses in ALL SITUATIONS

9. Limitations of the Love Model
Uncertainty as to what the most loving action is in a given situation: WWJD?
We run the risk of putting our own morality on the shoulders of Jesus to give divine acceptance of our own narrow view
Model fails us in determining the right thing to do in many circumstances

10. The Discipleship Model
Based on an intimate, reciprocal relationship with Jesus
Commissioned followers of Christ follow the example of the New Testament and join with other Christians in community
A welcome change to the legal model!
Much discernment happens in the context of community as it seeks to live out the Gospel

11. Limitations
No clear directives given to address the complex situations Christians face
No concrete answers to what is morally right and wrong
More is needed

12. Inner Conviction or Moral Conscience Model
Joyful acceptance of personal responsibility for moral living
10 Commandments = joyful reciprocal response to the love, care and nurturing shown to us by God in a sacred covenant relationship
Directives of the law guide us but we choose to make a personal mature commitment to live by the Law’s imperative

13. More Advantages of Inner Conviction or Moral Conscience Model
Law is not imposed, it is embraced
Embraced in response to our love relationship with God who is in covenant relationship with us
We do NOT follow the law out of fear or blind obedience but in complete FREEDOM of choice to say yes to God

14. Conscience
NOT SIMPLY the tool within us to determine if we hsould to the right thing and avoid the wrong or immoral thing
IT DRIVES OUR ENTIRE APPROACH TO LIFE; it helps us discover God’s design for our lives; who we are, how we are to live and God’s ultimate will for our lives
Is developed (or not) from childhood as we obey the rules of society; grows and develops as we learn that the rules are good for all people

15. Conscience
Achieves its highest level when we act not because of some obligation to follow the law but because it is the right and moral thing to do
We develop a good conscience over time by creating the habit of good behavior
Habitual truth-telling = truthful person = ability to discern truthfulness and lack of it in specific lie situations
Same can be said of all the virtues

16. Aristotle insisted that morality is judged by the judgment of a morally virtuous person not simply by a code of law or ethics.

17. Forming A Good Conscience
Definition of Conscience: a judgment of reason by which the person recognizes the moral quality of a concrete action.
God has placed a moral law in every human heart.
That moral law is the human conscience, our ability to know what is right and what is wrong.
Conscience helps us discern what we should do in a particular circumstance.

18. Forming Conscience, Cont.
Conscience helps persons assume responsibility for their own actions.
When a person chooses to engage in an evil act the conscience stands in constant judgment and witness of that act.
Consciences challenges the person to turn away from evil and turn toward virtue.
Moral choices are guided by conscience.

19. Conscience, cont.
A good conscience adheres to reason and to what is willed by God’s wisdom
It takes a lifetime to form one’s conscience
Every Catholic is required to form his/her conscience according to the Church’s moral norms.

20. Tools Used to Form Conscience
Prayer
Study of Biblical principles: WWJD?
Study of Biblical interpretation – not just our own understanding of it
Moral counsel of other faithful Christians
Authoritative teaching of the Church
Gifts of the Holy Spirit: wisdom, understanding, reverence, knowledge, right judgment, courage, wonder

21. Examination of Conscience
Actions
Motives for our actions
Value of our actions
Choices we intend to make, choices we have made

22. What constitutes a moral act?
WHAT WE DO
THE INTENTION – WHY WE DO THE ACT
ACTUAL SITUATION OF THE ACT: Where? When? How? With whom? Consequences?
SEE TRIPLE FONT THEORY

23. FURTHER. . .
The ACT Is moral if it is by itself a good thing to do – a good action
The ACTION is morally good if the action itself is a good action and if the person doing the act has a good intention.
WE CAN NEVER TO SOMETHING WRONG OR EVIL IN ORDER TO BRING ABOUT SOME GOOD.
WE CAN NEVER DO SOMETHING GOOD IF THE INTENTION FOR DOING IT IS EVIL.

24. EXERCISE

25. Conscience is the Highest Order
We are to follow our conscience above all else.
Human beings have the right to act in freedom according to their conscience. They may not be forced to act contrary to their conscience especially when it comes to religious issues.
Importance that conscience is properly formed! Ignorance might make for a false judgment about the morality of an action.

26. Conscience May be wrong if we do little to inform it If we act blindly
As the result of bad habits, we cannot see our own culpability in moral actions
FAITH, PRAYER, WORD OF GOD enlightens our conscience

27. Conscience Is Not an Opinion
We must always consider what the Scripture says, what the Church teaches, what we discern within us to be moral. ONLLY THEN, AFTER EXTENDED PROCESS, WOULD WE NOT ACT IN ACCORDANCE WITH CHURCH TEACHINGS.