1. INTRODUCTION Our goal is to reduce the amount of CO2 through limiting the amount of energy being wasted through computers. Electricity makes up 63% of the carbon emissions at PSU. (Chamberlin et al., 2008) By implementing power management profiles to computers across campus, PSU will be able to decrease emissions, electricity, and money.

2. Background Information Sleep, standby and hibernation mode are the best way to reduce energy usage. It is a common myth that shutting down and restarting computers uses more energy and is bad for the computer. (Desktop Computer Power Management FAQs, 2008) Active computers use 47-144 watts (Cornell University, 2005)

3. Power Saving Modes HibernationStandby Monitor and computer use between 1 and 3 watts. Takes around 20 seconds to wake up. Can save work during a power loss. Can save $25 -75 per computer. Monitor and computer use between 1 and 3 watts each Wakes up within seconds Can save $25 -75 per computer.

4. CRT MonitorsLCD Monitors  Average 17” uses 80 watts (NUIT, 2010)  Average 17” uses 35 watts (NUIT, 2010) badhead.com/zshop/images/17%20CRT.jpg http://www.apdsl.com/shop/index.php?main_page=index&cPath=15

5. Monitors There is a common misunderstanding that screensavers save energy. Screensavers use on average 41 watts (Bray, 2006) 3D screensavers use an average of 114 watts (Enbysk, Monte) Monitors in power saving mode uses 0-15 watts (Bray, 2006)

6. What PSU is Currently Doing OIT purchased Energy Star computers with a high EPEAT rating. (Beaudoin, & Studer-Spevak, 2009) Switching CRT to LCD Labs are manually turned on in the morning and automatically shut off at night. Faculty and staff manually turn on and off most computers Screensavers are used in labs Using EZ GPO (energy saver program)

7. Interview with OIT Estimated to have 5000 computers Around 500 computers in general access labs OIT is currently testing an energy saving profile

8. Calculations Price of electricity: $0.0817 per Kw hour Amount of energy used: 450,000 Kw-hr Amount of energy saved:295,200 Kw-hr Conversion: 5.5 x 10 -4 metric tons CO2 per Kw-hr Amount of CO2 generated from electricity: 250 metric tons Amount of CO2 generated from electricity using power management profiles:160 metric tons

9. Survey Informal survey with 47 students and 38 faculty/staff Asked students on campus Distributed surveys via mailbox of faculty and staff in the economics, sociology, psychology, physics, and history departments.

10. Survey Results for Students Library is where computers are used most 38/47 use computers on campus 22/47 would not turn off the monitor 35/47 would not be bothered with sleep/hibernation mode

11. Student Thoughts and Concerns Amount of time it would take to boot up the computer. If people see the monitor turned off, they may think the computer is off. Would only turn off the monitor if it was required. Overall, students, faculty, and staff thought the settings suggested was a good idea and would do it, especially if saves money.

12. Survey Results for Staff 26/38 turned computers on/off. 12/38 have computers on 24/7 Staff used computers an average of 7-9 hours per day. 28/38 used a hibernation/sleep mode. 22/38 would not be bothered with sleep or hibernation after 1o minutes of inactivity.

13. Faculty Thoughts and Concerns Didn’t know what hibernation or sleep mode meant. Wanted to know if settings would be “worth- while.” Recommended a longer period of inactivity before sleep/hibernation mode kicks in. Still have CRT monitors.

14. Conclusion-What we should do Use power saving modes during periods of inactivity Turn off monitor when it is not in use Logging off account automatically goes into standby mode Education among faculty and staff

15. Conclusion By using power saving modes during periods of inactivity, PSU can save: 300,000 kilowatts per year $24,000 per year 90 metric tons of carbon per year OIT’s CAP plan estimates that the annual cost savings would be $281,536.17 with reduced emissions 4.9x10^11 lbs of carbon per year (OIT Climate Action Plan, 2009)

16. References  Bray, M. (2006). Review of computer energy consumption and potential savings. http://www.dssw.co.uk/research/computer_energy_consu mption.html http://www.dssw.co.uk/research/computer_energy_consu mption.html  Cornell University. (2005). Computer energy usage facts. http://computing.fs.cornell.edu/fsit/Sustainable/fsit_facts.c fm http://computing.fs.cornell.edu/fsit/Sustainable/fsit_facts.c fm  Minnesota North Star. Desktop computer power management faqs. http://www.state.mn.us/mn/externalDocs/OT/Desktop_Co mputer_Power_Management_FAQ_030508031934_2008% 20February%20Desktop%20Power%20Management%20Fr equently%20Asked%20Questions.pdf  NUIT. (2010). Power management statistics. http://www.it.northwestern.edu/hardware/eco/stats.html http://www.it.northwestern.edu/hardware/eco/stats.html