1. DRUGS AND MEDICINES *What makes a drug a medicine?
*Why are certain drugs considered “drugs of abuse”?
*Effects on the body

2. DRUG VS. MEDICINE
Drug
Any substance that causes change in person’s physical or psychological state
Drugs can have different effects or 1 specific effect
Medicine
Used to cure, prevent, or treat discomfort
Must have these 3
Effectiveness (good at carrying out its task)
Safety (safe when used as directed)
Minor side effects

3. “DRUGS OF ABUSE”
Drugs that people take for mind-altering effects that have no medical purpose.
Examples include cocaine, alcohol, and marijuana…………..Can you think of any others?

4. WHERE DO DRUGS COME FROM?
All drugs contain chemicals!!
*Natural sources- plants, animals, fungi.
*Created in laboratories.

5. TYPES OF MEDICINES… Analgesic- relieves pain (acetaminophen)
Antihistamine-
Relieves minor allergy symptoms
(Nasonex)
Antacid-
Neutralizes stomach acid
(Tums, Pepcid AC)
Antibiotic-
Kills bacteria to cure infections
(penicillin)
Anti-inflammatory-
Reduces inflammation of skin
(cortisone cream)
Hormone-
Work differently
(insulin)
Stimulant-
Increases alertness
(caffeine)
Anti-anxiety-
Helps those who are extremely nervous to calm down
(?)
Vaccine-
Prevents infections
(Gardasil, Flu)
Bronchodilator-
Opens airways for breathing
Sedative-
Causes sleepiness
(Lunesta)

6. OTC VS. PRESCRIPTION Over the Counter (OTC)
Medicines that can be bought without a prescription.
EXAMPLES???
Prescription
Requires written order from a doctor.
EXAMPLES???

7. WHAT CAN MEDICINES DO?
“CURE”
“PREVENT”
“RELIEVE”

8. HOW DO DRUGS ENTER OUR BODY?
INGESTION- swallowed
INHALATION- inhaled and enters lungs
INJECTION- hypodermic needle
TRANSDERMAL PATCHES- placed on skin
IMPLANTED PUMPS-surgically implanted
TOPICAL APPLICATION-applied directly to area and absorbed through skin

9. FDA Created in 1906 Controls safety of food, drugs, and cosmetics
Approval process
Initial testing; may include chemical tests
1st tests on human volunteers
Once passed 1st tests, clinical trials begin; tested on humans who have the illness the drug is meant to treat.
If safe and effective, FDA will approve.

10. PRESCRIPTION Info on a prescription Dosage (how much you should take)
When
How often
Length of time
Why follow a prescription?
Can you misuse prescriptions?

11. OTC
Generic medicine- made by a company other than the company that developed the original drug.
Active ingredient- chemical component that gives medicine its action
What are the benefits of OTC’s?
Can you misuse OTC’s?

12. HERBAL REMEDIES & DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS
Thought is that they are safer because they are “natural”, however DOES NOT mean it’s safer!!
Some of the most toxic compounds known are completely natural!
Name 1 significance that makes “herbal remedies” and “dietary supplements” different from all other medicines.

13. PROBLEMS???? Allergic reactions Itching all over body Swelling
Wheezing or difficulty breathing
Pounding heart
Fainting
Unconsciousness
What is the most severe form of shock?
Affects almost the entire body!
Drug interaction- drug reacts with another drug, food, DS.

14. DRUGS CAN AFFECT????? EMOTIONS VISION REFLEXES SPEECH JUDGEMENT
COORDINATION

15. THE PATH TO ADDICTION DRUG USE ADDICTION TOLERANCE
Activates brain reward system (pleasure system)
TOLERANCE
User needs more of the drug to produce same effect.
DEPENDENCE
User experience withdrawal symptoms once he/she stops using.
ADDICTION
User has lost control of drug-taking habit.

16. OTHER TERMS….
Tolerance- develops after repeated drug use when user finds that it takes more to feel same effect.
Physical dependence- body relies on a given drug in order to function normally.
Psychological dependence- emotionally and mentally needing a drug in order to function normally.
Withdrawal- uncomfortable physical and psychological symptoms produced when drug user stops using.

17. WARNING SIGNS OF ADDICTION
Loss of interest in schoolwork
Dramatic change of appearance
Change of friends
Unexplained mood swings
Absences from school
Dramatic change in eating habits
Excessive secretiveness
Lying
Unexplained need for money

18. Can addiction be treated?
Many people believe that addicts use for the rest of their life….not true. Fighting addiction is not easy, but many free themselves from addiction everyday. Treatment programs, and counseling help addicts. There is 1 foolproof way to avoid addiction……….
DON’T START!!