1. Arpit Patel, ECS Final Year Supervisor: Dr G Lu Temperature Measurement of a Candle Flame using a CCD Camera

2. Introduction Flame temperature is needed to measure in a combustion system for evaluating the combustion efficiency and emission formation process. Flame temperature is difficult to measure as its temperature is very high. Remote and online flame temperature measurement is desirable. Imaging based technique such as CCD camera brought in a new dimension to temperature measurement.

3. Objective of the Project The project aims to develop a prototype imaging system for the temperature measurement of a candle flame. The imaging system is to be designed and implemented, which will consist of a CCD camera, optical filters and signal processing software. The system software is to be developed to process the flame images captured by the camera and calculate the temperature of the flame.

4. Technical Approach The system developed will working on the two-colour temperature measurement principle. The two-colour method is based on Planck’s Radiation Law which indicates that spectral radiation of a blackbody is a function of temperature for a given wavelength. The radiation intensity emitted from particles in the flame at two different wavelengths will be used to calculate the temperature.

5. Schematic Diagram of the System Frame Grabber Image Analysis & Temperature Calculations Graphical Interface Filter holder Optical Filters Analog to USB Converter Motor Control Board Motor Controller Motor Control Tool 9V DC Motor & Board Power 12V DC Camera Power

6. Display Results Processing of Results Temperature Histogram Calculation Calculation of Temperature Distribution Calculation of Average Temperature Noise Elimination Calculation & Display of Average Image for Filter 1 Calculation & Display of Average Image for Filter 2 Image Capture at Filter 1 Image Capture at Filter 2 Flow Chart of the Measurement

7. Specification of Main Components Stepper Motor ModelMclean 7.5° Unipolar with 25:6 Gearbox Output (w/Gearbox)200 rev/min CCD Camera ModelHitachi KP-M1E/K-S10 Effective Pixels752(H) x 582 (V) IrisManual, 0.5 Inch Diameter, 6mm focus Optical Filters2 x Filters (Wavelength not confirmed) USB Interface Board ProcessorPIC18 Series from microchip Software OSWindows XP Main ApplicationQt 4.4.3 Compiler(Open Source) PIC ProgrammingMPLAB & PICC Lite (Free) Time KeepingGanttProject (Open Source)

8. Initial Design of the System Interface Live Camera View Temperature distribution of the flame Average Image captured from Optical Filter 1 Average Image captured from Optical Filter 2 Temperature histogram with temperature intensity over the flame Mean Values for the flame temperature Manual capture by selecting the desired wavelength Auto capture Menu bar for saving results, diagnosing the camera and interface board connection and help

9. Budget ItemQTYPrice Stepping Motor1£34.75 USB Interface Board & Power Supply1£22.75 Optical Filters2Borrowed CCD Camera with Lens1Borrowed USB Connector for Camera1Borrowed USB Cables1£1.00 Casing/Holders (Approx)2£10.00 Round Disk for Optical Filters (Approx)1£5.00 Software Required (Qt,MPLab,PICC,C++)1Open Source/Free Total (Approx)£73.50

10. Project Plan

11. Any questions Thank you for your attention