1. The Civil War

2. Southern Goals and Strategy Southern goals – Seek recognition from Britain, France – Independence! – Flaws in goals? Southern Strategy – Fight defensive war, until North gave up – Exceptions: Antietam Gettysburg

3. Northern Goals and Strategy Northern goals – Restore the Union – End slavery (after 1863) Anaconda Plan – Blockade South – Divide South, along Mississippi River – Seize Richmond Later: Defeat Lee, CSA army in East

4. Why is Civil War Still Relevant? First American war, recorded US population was largely literate Little censorship of military 140 years later: still appalling Worth the sacrifice? Diary of Alfred S. Rowe, 6 th Maryland Vols. (note bullet hole in upper right corner)

5. Cost of Civil War Human cost: 620,000 casualties (KIA, WIA, MIA) –W–WWII: 400k casualties in 4 years –A–Antietam: 23,000 casualties in one day (more than all wars fought by US to that point) –G–Gettysburg: 50,000 casualties in three days –V–Vietnam: 58,000 casualties in ten years

6. Explaining the Cost of the CW Rifled musket – Easy to use, easy to teach – Rifling – Bullet caliber:.58 cal. – Snipers

7. Explaining the Cost of the CW Outdated tactics –W–West Point still teaching Napoleonic tactics –N–New tactics, painfully learned Cover Trenching Size of armies –S–Sheer volume of fire

8. Rifled artillery – Accuracy, range – New types of shells Solid shot Case shot Canister Impact (HE) shell

9. Explaining the Cost of the CW Disease – Dysentery (dirty water) – Sepsis (infected wounds) – Exposure Medical care – Triage system pioneered Divide incoming wounded into 3 categories – Drs, nurses understood what to do (just not enough of them) WARNING GRAPHIC IMAGE COMING UP!