1. Poetry: What it is, isn’t and how to write it.

2. POETRY
A type of literature that expresses ideas, feelings, or tells a story in a specific form (usually using lines and stanzas)

3. POINT OF VIEW IN POETRY POET The poet is the author of the poem.
SPEAKER
The speaker of the poem is the “narrator” of the poem.

4. POETRY FORM A word is dead
When it is said,
Some say.
I say it just
Begins to live
That day.
FORM - the appearance of the words on the page
LINE - a group of words together on one line of the poem
STANZA - a group of lines arranged together

5. KINDS OF STANZAS Couplet = a two line stanza
Triplet (Tercet) = a three line stanza
Quatrain = a four line stanza
Quintet = a five line stanza
Sestet (Sextet) = a six line stanza
Septet = a seven line stanza
Octave = an eight line stanza

6. SOUND EFFECTS

7. RHYTHM The beat created by the sounds of the words in a poem
Rhythm can be created by meter, rhyme, alliteration and refrain.

8. METER A pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables.
Meter occurs when the stressed and unstressed syllables of the words in a poem are arranged in a repeating pattern.
When poets write in meter, they count out the number of stressed (strong) syllables and unstressed (weak) syllables for each line. They they repeat the pattern throughout the poem.

9. FREE VERSE POETRY
Unlike metered poetry, free verse poetry does NOT have any repeating patterns of stressed and unstressed syllables.
Does NOT have rhyme.
Free verse poetry is very conversational - sounds like someone talking with you.
A more modern type of poetry.

10. BLANK VERSE POETRY
Written in lines of iambic pentameter, but does NOT use end rhyme.
from Julius Ceasar
Cowards die many times before their deaths;
The valiant never taste of death but once.
Of all the wonders that I yet have heard,
It seems to me most strange that men should fear;
Seeing that death, a necessary end,
Will come when it will come.

11. RHYME
Words sound alike because they share the same ending vowel and consonant sounds.
(A word always rhymes with itself.)
LAMP
STAMP
Share the short “a” vowel sound
Share the combined “mp” consonant sound
Activity: Rhyme group game

12. END RHYME
A word at the end of one line rhymes with a word at the end of another line
Hector the Collector
Collected bits of string.
Collected dolls with broken heads
And rusty bells that would not ring.

13. Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered weak and weary.
INTERNAL RHYME
A word inside a line rhymes with another word on the same line.
Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered weak and weary.
From “The Raven”
by Edgar Allan Poe

14. NEAR RHYME a.k.a imperfect rhyme, close rhyme
The words share EITHER the same vowel or consonant sound BUT NOT BOTH
ROSE
LOSE
Different vowel sounds (long “o” and “oo” sound)
Share the same consonant sound

15. RHYME SCHEME
A rhyme scheme is a pattern of rhyme (usually end rhyme, but not always).
Use the letters of the alphabet to represent sounds to be able to visually “see” the pattern. (See next slide for an example.)
Activity: Rhyme Scheme group game

16. SAMPLE RHYME SCHEME The Germ by Ogden Nash
A mighty creature is the germ,
Though smaller than the pachyderm.
His customary dwelling place
Is deep within the human race.
His childish pride he often pleases
By giving people strange diseases.
Do you, my poppet, feel infirm?
You probably contain a germ. a b c

17. REFRAIN A sound, word, phrase or line repeated regularly in a poem.
“Quoth the raven, ‘Nevermore.’”

18. FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE

19. Recognizing Figurative Language
The opposite of literal language is figurative language. Figurative language is language that means more than what it says on the surface.
It usually gives us a feeling about its subject.
Poets use figurative language almost as frequently as literal language. When you read poetry, you must be conscious of the difference. Otherwise, a poem may make no sense at all.
Printed Quiz
Online Quiz

20. Recognizing Literal Language
“I’ve eaten so much I feel as if I could literally burst!”
In this case, the person is not using the word literally in its true meaning. Literal means "exact" or "not exaggerated." By pretending that the statement is not exaggerated, the person stresses how much he has eaten.
Literal language is language that means exactly what is said.
Most of the time, we use
literal language.

21. What is figurative language?
Whenever you describe something by comparing it with something else, you are using figurative language.

22. Types of Figurative Language
Imagery
Simile
Metaphor
Alliteration
Personification
Onomatopoeia
Hyperbole
Idioms

23. Imagery • Sight • Hearing • Touch • Taste • Smell
Language that appeals to the senses. Descriptions of people or objects stated in terms of our senses.
• Sight
• Hearing
• Touch
• Taste
• Smell

24. Simile
A figure of speech which involves a direct comparison between two unlike things, usually with the words like or as.
Example: The muscles on his brawny arms are strong as iron bands.

25. Metaphor
A figure of speech which involves an implied comparison between two relatively unlike things using a form of be. The comparison is not announced by like or as.
Example: The road was a ribbon wrapped through the dessert.

26. Alliteration
Repeated consonant sounds occurring at the beginning of words or within words.
Example: She was wide-eyed and wondering while she waited for Walter to waken.

27. Personification
A figure of speech which gives the qualities of a person to an animal, an object, or an idea.
Example: “The wind yells while blowing."
The wind cannot yell. Only a living thing can yell.

28. Onomatopoeia The use of words that mimic sounds.
Example: The firecracker made a loud ka-boom!

29. Hyperbole
An exaggerated statement used to heighten effect. It is not used to mislead the reader, but to emphasize a point.
Example: She’s said so on several million occasions.

30. Idioms
An idiom or idiomatic expression refers to a construction or expression in one language that cannot be matched or directly translated word-for-word in another language.
Example: "She has a bee in her bonnet," meaning "she is obsessed," cannot be literally translated into another language word for word.

31. SOME TYPES OF POETRY WE WILL BE STUDYING

32. LYRIC A short poem Usually written in first person point of view
Expresses an emotion or an idea or describes a scene
Do not tell a story and are often musical
(Many of the poems we read will be lyrics.)

33. A frog jumps into the pond.
HAIKU
A Japanese poem written in three lines
Five Syllables
Seven Syllables
An old silent pond . . .
A frog jumps into the pond.
Splash! Silence again.

34. CINQUAIN A five line poem containing 22 syllables How frail
Two Syllables
Four Syllables
Six Syllables
Eight Syllables
How frail
Above the bulk
Of crashing water hangs
Autumnal, evanescent, wan
The moon.

35. SHAKESPEAREAN SONNET abab cdcd efef gg
A fourteen line poem with a specific rhyme scheme.
The poem is written in three quatrains and ends with a couplet.
The rhyme scheme is
abab cdcd efef gg
Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?
Thou art more lovely and more temperate.
Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,
And summer’s lease hath all too short a date.
Sometimes too hot the eye of heaven shines,
And often is his gold complexion dimmed;
And every fair from fair sometimes declines,
By chance or nature’s changing course untrimmed.
But thy eternal summer shall not fade
Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow’st;
Nor shall Death brag thou wanderest in his shade,
When in eternal lines to time thou grow’st
So long as men can breathe or eyes can see,
So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.

36. NARRATIVE POEMS A poem that tells a story.
Generally longer than the lyric styles of poetry b/c the poet needs to establish characters and a plot.
Examples of Narrative Poems
“The Raven”
“The Highwayman”
“Casey at the Bat”
“The Walrus and the Carpenter”

37. CONCRETE POEMS
In concrete poems, the words are arranged to create a picture that relates to the content of the poem.
Poetry
Is like
Flames,
Which are
Swift and elusive
Dodging realization
Sparks, like words on the
Paper, leap and dance in the
Flickering firelight. The fiery
Tongues, formless and shifting
Shapes, tease the imiagination.
Yet for those who see,
Through their mind’s
Eye, they burn
Up the page.

38. Figurative Language Resources
Eye on Idioms (Online PPT)
Paint by Idioms (Game)
Alliteration or Simile? (Quiz)
Similes and Metaphors (PPT)
The Search for Similes, Metaphors, and Idioms (PPT)
Alliteration (PPT)
Onomatopoeia (PPT)
Personification (PPT)
Hyperbole  (PPT)
Idioms (PPT)
Simile (PPT)

39. Teaching Similes and Metaphors
Alliteration Lesson Plan and Resources
Hyperbole- Lesson Plans and Resources
Idiom Lesson Plan
Imagery- Lesson Plans and Resources
Lesson Plan for Puns
Onomatopoeia- Lesson Plans and Resources
Personification Lesson Plans and Resources
Proverbs- Lesson Plans and Resources