1. The Construction of Qinghai-Tibet Rail line dealing with problems of frozen earth Msc Xi Deng Ke Wang

2. The Qinghai-Tibet Rail line The total length:1956 km. Completed on 1 st July 2006 [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Qingzangrailwaymap.png]

3. Geological condition of Qinghai-Tibet Railway Tibetan Plateau Some sections of the rail line including the Tanggula Pass, at 5,072 m above sea level make it the world's highest rail track. Problems of frozen soil The volume of soil expands while freezing and reduces when ice melts in the summer. Affected repeatedly by this phenomena, foundation of structure is extremely unstable.

4. For railways, the unstable foundation caused by the frozen soil is hazardous.

5. The solutions 1. Avoid routes in areas of frozen soil where geological structures are complicated. 2. Build bridges instead of laying roads in areas where the ground condition is remarkablely unstable 3.Use the ‘ Hot Bar ’ cooling system to extract heat cooling down the temperature underneath the rail track so that soil keeps frozen.

6. The solutions 4. Build ventilation system beneath the rail track foundation.

7. Conclusion Different solutions or the combination methods have been applied to the Qinghai- Tibet Railway. So far, the solutions appear to be successful and the rail line works normally since 1 st July 2006 when it started to serve.