1. The Federal Court System

2. The American Legal System
Dual system: state courts, federal courts
Jurisdiction: authority to hear certain cases
Both systems have 3 tiers:
trial courts – first time case is heard, evidence presented, verdict rendered (original jurisdiction)
appellate courts – appeal of verdict, no new evidence presented, review of case to make sure procedures were followed (appellate jurisdiction)
high or supreme courts - final decision on law

4. Federal Courts System
Constitution created the Supreme Court, Congress used its authority to establish a network of lower federal courts.
Examples of cases heard at the district courts:
Federal crimes
Civil suits between citizens of different states where the amount in question exceeds $75,000
Interpretations of the Constitution
Treaties with other nations
Maritime law
Review actions of some federal administrative agencies

5. Federal Courts: District Courts
Each state has at least one judicial district.
California has four district courts.
There are 94 federal district courts and nearly 700 judges.

6. Federal Courts: Court of Appeals
These are the "gatekeepers" to the Supreme Court. There are 13 court of appeals and 179 circuit judges.
Most of them are regional and hear appeals from district courts within their circuits.
Three judges on each panel.

7. Map 16.1 - US District & Appellate Courts (p. 314)
CA is in the 9th District and Court of Appeals is in SF; "nutty 9th"
Quick Facts
13 circuits in the US (states & territories incl)
population determines size of district (not # states or "size")
Districts largely determined by states admittance to union
There are 94 federal district courts and 550+ district court judges
They have jurisdiction over criminal and civil federal cases
In addition to the district courts, there are 13 court of appeals (1/district)
The court of appeals was created to ease appeals caseload of supreme court; most cases dealt with here and never go to SC
Majority of cases heard in appeals court are from the lower district courts, but can also be from US Tax Court or territorial courts
All courts referred to by their numbers except #12 & 13 which are DC Circuit and Federal Circuit.

8. Supreme Court (The Last Stop)
Original Jurisdiction (listed in Article III) - cases the S.C. can hear first are those involving:
other gov’t leaders
At least 2 states involved
Fed. Govt. is a party
Appellate - cases appealed to the S.C.
Constitution or national law in question

9. Supreme Court Jurisdiction
Jurisdiction - authority to hear a case
Original Jurisdiction- ability to hear a case first
Appellate Jurisdiction - cases appealed by lower federal courts or highest state courts
Directions: Determine if the following cases would fall under the Supreme Court’s original or appellate jurisdiction. If the Supreme Court does not have jurisdiction in any of the following cases, write no jurisdiction. Explain your answers.
California sues Arizona over control of Colorado River.
Tookie Williams appealed his death sentence to the S.C.
The U.S. decided to hold the Mexican President against his will. He has asked for a court hearing.
John Smith sues John Doe over their backyard fence.
An act of Congress is being discussed by the 9th Circuit of Appeals.
Texas is being sued by a citizen over a state law about driver license requirements.

10. Supreme Court Jurisdiction - KEY
California sues Arizona over control of Colorado River
original, 2 states involved
Tookie Williams appealed his death sentence to the S.C.
appellate, only if questioned as violation of Bill of Rights as cruel & unusual punishment
The U.S. decided to hold the Mexican President against his will. He has asked for a court hearing.
original, involves leader from other country
John Smith sues John Doe over their backyard fence
no jurisdiction, state civil suit, state courts handle
An act of Congress is being discussed by the 9th Circuit of Appeals
appellate (possibly depends if ruling of 9th district is challenged)
Texas is being sued by a citizen over a state law about driver license requirements.
no jurisdiction, state law, state courts handle