1. Chunyan Shao

2.  Argument: some agree, some disagree, what is your opinion on that? ---Resort to evidence and reasoning  Persuasion: giving suggestions or advice ---Resort to emotions

3.  To present opposing opinions  To describe the Phenomenon:  To ask Questions:  To disagree with others  To present one view  To express your Opinion directly: 

4.  The most effective way to reduce traffic jam in big cities it to ban the use of private cars and promote public transport. To what extent do you agree with this statement?

5.  Issue: reduce traffic jam in big cities  Opinion: The most effective way, ban the use of private cars and promote public transport  Your idea?

6.  1. Phenomenon: There has been a heated discussion as to how to reduce traffic jams in big cities. Some hold that.. Others believe that…  2. Questions: Should we ban private cars and promote public transport in order to reduce traffic jam in big cities? Some people think that…, while others maintain that…  3. Disapproval: Some people think that we should ban private cars and promote pubic transport in order to reduce traffic jam in big cities, but I hold a different view.

7.  Opinion: In my opinion, we should promote pubic transportation to reduce traffic jam in big cities.

8.  To writing the opening paragraph for the topics.

9.  Controversy:  The most effective way to reduce traffic jam in big cities it to ban the use of private cars and promote public transport. To what extent do you agree with this statement?

10.  Analysis:  As a new concept, lifelong education has been accepted by more and more people around the world. What do you think of the importance of lifelong education?

11.  Suggestion:  what can we do to help the less developed areas in this country?

12.  There has been a heated discussion as to how to reduce traffic jams in big cities. Some hold that banning the use of private cars and promoting public transport are the most effective way. Others believe that such is a very radical solution and can lead to many potential problems. So far as I am concerned, banning the use of private cars cannot solve all the problems, but improving public transport will be beneficial.

13.  Issue: There has been a heated discussion as to whether…  There has been a wide concern about whether…  Positive: Some think/hold/maintain/state that A and B are...  Negative: Others believe/argue/say/contend that such is… and will lead to many potential problems.  My view: So far as I am concerned, A cannot solve all the problems, but B will be beneficial.

14.  Issue: Traffic jams have become one of the most serious problems in big cities in China.  Traffic jams have become one of the most urgent issues in big cities in China.  Positive: Obviously/ Undoubtedly/evidently/clearly/It going without saying that, A will do good to…  Negative: However/Nevertheless/Nonetheless, this will lead to/result in some unforeseeable problems/consequences.  My View: To effectively solve this problem /settle this issue, we should…

15.  Issue: Traffic in big cities has become more than ever a headache/deadlock for most city- dwellers.  Two views: While it is true that banning the use of private cars and promoting public transport can lessen the seriousness of the phenomenon (Positive), it will by no means solve the problem once and for all / in the long run(Negative).  My view: There are many other issues to be considered.