1. Settling the West Chapter Review

2. What valuable metals brought the first waves of settlers that populated the mountain states of the West?

3. Gold, Silver, and Copper

4. Type of mining in which deposits of ore could be extracted mostly by hand.

5. Placer Mining.

6. Type of mining which required corporations to dig deep beneath the surface.

7. Quartz Mining

8. He staked a claim in Six-Mile Canyon, Montana
He staked a claim in Six-Mile Canyon, Montana. The blue-gray mud there turned out to be nearly pure silver ore.

9. Henry Comstock

10. Law enforcement which consisted of self-appointed volunteers who would track down and punish wrongdoers.

11. Mining town where Samuel Clemens accepted a job as a reporter for a local paper and began using his pen name “Mark Twain.”

12. Virginia City, Nevada.

13. True or False? The Pikes’ Peak strike was really a hoax; there really was no gold in the area.

14. This city, a supply point for mining areas, became the second largest city in the West after San Francisco.

15. Denver, Colorado

16. Congress admitted these three states of the northern Great Plains in 1889 after enough miners, ranchers, and ranchers moved into the area.

17. North Dakota, South Dakota, and Montana

18. What breed of cattle had adapted to living on the Great Plains?

19. The Texas Longhorn.

20. A vast area of grassland owned by the government
A vast area of grassland owned by the government. This area covered much of the Great Plains and provided land where ranchers could graze their herds free of charge.

21. The open range.

22. Who introduced ranching in the Southwest before these areas became part of the U.S.?

23. Mexicans.

24. Why was ranching impractical before the Civil War? List two!

25. Beef prices were low, and
Moving the cattle to the eastern markets was not practical.

26. What two developments changed this?

27. The Civil War and,
The construction of the railroads

28. Moving cattle long distances to a railroad depot for fast transport and great profit.

29. The Long Drive

30. Stray calves with no identifying symbols.

31. Mavericks

32. This invention enabled hundreds of square miles of open range to be fenced off cheaply and easily. It also ended the long drives.

33. Barbed wire.

34. Region of the U.S. that extends westward to the Rocky Mountains.

35. The Great Plains

36. Law passed by Congress in 1862 to encourage settlement in the Great Plains.

37. The Homestead Act

38. How much land could a homesteader claim under this act?

39. 160 acres.

40. How long did a homesteader have to live there before receiving a title to that land?

41. 5 years.

42. Homes on the Plains were constructed using this “material”.

43. sod

44. Farming technique where seeds were planted deep in the ground where there was enough moisture for them to grow.

45. Dry Farming

46. Name given for the people who plowed the soil on the Plains.

47. Sodbusters

48. What were three technological innovations in agriculture?

49. Mechanical reapers,
Binders, and
Threshing machines

50. Before the Sand Creek massacre, the Cheyenne had come to Fort Lyon to
A. Negotiate
Surrender
Attack
Defend their land

51. A) negotiate

52. Why would the government encourage white hunters to kill the buffalo?

53. To force Native Americans onto reservations.

54. Large ranches that could cover several hundred acres and yielded massive profits.

55. Bonanza farms

56. What contributed to troubled times for wheat farmers in the 1890s?

57. Competition from other wheat-producing nations caused prices to drop,
Prolonged drought destroyed crops and farms.

58. Payments by the government to those who lived on the reservations.

59. Annuities.

60. Dakota chief who asked traders to provide his people food on credit
Dakota chief who asked traders to provide his people food on credit. He led the Dakota Sioux uprising in Minnesota.

61. Chief Little Crow

62. He was a religious leader as well as a war chief who lured the U. S
He was a religious leader as well as a war chief who lured the U.S. troops into an ambush in Wyoming in 1866.

63. Crazy Horse

64. What name was given for this battle?

65. Fetterman’s Massacre

66. Leader of the Cheyenne who was massacred at Sand Creek.

67. Black Kettle

68. U.S. commander who attacked the Cheyenne at Sand Creek.

69. John Chivington

70. Lakota Sioux chief killed at Wounded Knee.

71. Sitting Bull

72. Formed by Congress in 1867, it proposed creating two large reservations on the Plains, one for the Sioux and another for southern Plains Indians.

73. Indian Peace Commission

74. Commander of the 7th Calvary
Commander of the 7th Calvary. He underestimated the fighting abilities of the Lakota and Cheyenne.

75. Colonel George A. Custer

76. A ritual important to the Lakota
A ritual important to the Lakota. It celebrated a hoped-for reckoning when settlers would disappear, the buffalo would return, and Native Americans would reunite with their deceased ancestors.

77. Ghost Dance.

78. To be absorbed into American society as landowners and citizens.

79. Assimilate; assimilation

80. This act gave 160 acres of reservation land for farming.

81. Dawes Act