1. Sources of Business Finance
Owner’s Fund
Borrowed funds’ refer to the funds raised through loans or borrowings. The sources for raising borrowed funds include loans from commercial banks, loans from financial institutions, issue of debentures, public deposits and trade credit. Such sources provide funds for a specified period, on certain terms and conditions and have to be repaid after the expiry of that period.
Borrowed Fund
Debentures
Public Deposits
Loans from Banks
Trade Credit

2. Borrowed Fund Highlights Debentures
Debentures are an important instrument for raising long term debt capital. A company can raise funds through issue of debentures, which bear a fixed rate of interest. The debenture issued by a company is an acknowledgment that the company has borrowed a certain amount of money, which it promises to repay at a future date.
Highlights
Debentures carries a fixed rate of interest as the return to its holders.
Debenture holders are the creditors of the company.
Public issue of debentures requires
that the issue be rated by a credit
rating agency like CRISIL (Credit
Rating and Information Services of
India Ltd.)
Debentures are generally considered
as the less risky on the point of view
of the investors as it carries a fixed
interest.

3. Advantages Debentures
Borrowed Fund
Advantages Debentures
Debentures
Less Risk
Suitable for stable
companies
Economic Source of
Finance
No Profit sharing
On the view point of the investors debentures seems to be less risky as it provides a fixed rate of return on their investment. hence it is preferred by investors who want fixed income at lesser risk.
Control

4. Advantages Debentures
Borrowed Fund
Advantages Debentures
Debentures
Less Risk
The issue of debentures is suitable in the situation when the sales and earnings are relatively stable, because under such situations the companies can pay the interest without default.
Suitable for stable
companies
Economic Source of
Finance
No Profit sharing
Control

5. Advantages Debentures
Borrowed Fund
Advantages Debentures
Debentures
Less Risk
Financing through debentures is
less costly as compared to cost of
preference or equity capital as the interest payment on debentures is tax deductible.
Suitable for stable
companies
Economic Source of
Finance
No Profit sharing
Control

6. Advantages Debentures
Borrowed Fund
Advantages Debentures
Debentures
Less Risk
Debentures are fixed charge funds carrying interest as the return to the investor. Hence it is not necessary to distribute the profit of the company among the debenture holders.
Suitable for stable
companies
Economic Source of
Finance
No Profit sharing
Control

7. Advantages Debentures
Borrowed Fund
Advantages Debentures
Debentures
Less Risk
No Voting Right
Suitable for stable
companies
Economic Source of
Finance
No Profit sharing
As debentures do not carry voting rights and hence financing through debentures does not dilute control of equity shareholders on
Management.
Control

8. Borrowed Fund Commercial Banks
Commercial banks occupy a vital position as they provide funds for different purposes as well as for different time periods. Banks extend loans to firms of all sizes and in many ways, like cash credits, overdrafts, term loans, purchase/ discounting of bills, and issue of letter of credit.
Not a permanent source of finance.
Financial assistance on the basis of collateral security.
Loan cam be repaid in either lump sum or in installments.
Rate of interest may vary depending on the period of repayment, nature of loan etc.
Flexible source of finance.

9. Advantages Debentures
Borrowed Fund
Advantages Debentures
Commercial Banks
Timely Assistance
Secrecy of Business
Less Formalities
Flexible Source of
Finance

10. Advantages Debentures
Borrowed Fund
Advantages Debentures
Commercial Banks
Timely Assistance
Secrecy of Business
Less Formalities
Flexible source of Finance
Commercial Banks provide timely assistance to business by providing funds as and when needed by it. Hence it proved to be a reliable source of finance to the firms.

11. Advantages Debentures
Borrowed Fund
Advantages Debentures
Commercial Banks
Timely Assistance
Commercial banks does not disclose the account details of its customers to others. Hence the Secrecy of business can be maintained and the information supplied to the bank by the borrowers is kept confidential
Secrecy of Business
Less Formalities
Flexible Source of Finance

12. Advantages Debentures
Borrowed Fund
Advantages Debentures
Commercial Banks
Timely Assistance
Loans from commercial banks are less formal as compared to issue of shares as the formalities such as issue of prospectus and underwriting are not required for raising loans from a bank.
Secrecy of Business
Less Formalities
No prospectus
Flexible Source of Finance
No underwriting

13. Advantages Debentures
Borrowed Fund
Advantages Debentures
Commercial Banks
Timely Assistance
Loan from a bank is a flexible
source of finance as the loan
amount can be increased
according to business needs and
can be repaid in advance when
funds are not needed.
Secrecy of Business
Less Formalities
Flexible Amount
Easy Repayments
Flexible Source of Finance

14. Borrowed Fund Public Deposit
The deposits that are raised by organisations directly from the public are known as public deposits. Rates of interest offered on public deposits are usually higher than that offered on bank deposits. Any person who is interested in depositing money in an organisation can do so by filling up a prescribed form.
Suitable for short term and
medium term finance.
Simple procedures than a loan agreement.
Less Costly as compared to loans
and other sources.
Public deposits do not usually
create any charge on the assets
of the company.
As the depositors do not have
voting rights, the control of the
company is not diluted.

15. Borrowed Fund Trade Credit
Trade credit is the credit extended by one trader to another for the purchase of goods and services. Trade credit facilitates the purchase of supplies without immediate payment. Such credit appears in the records of the buyer of goods as ‘sundry creditors’ or ‘accounts payable’.
Advantages of Trade Credit
Convenient and
continuous source of funds.
Trade credit may be readily
available in case the credit worthiness of the customers is known to the seller.
Trade credit needs to promote
the sales of an organization.
It does not create any charge on
the assets of the firm while
providing funds.