1. + Turning Our Waste Into Fuel: On the Path to Sustainability Joanna D. Underwood, President, Energy Vision 2012 GLICC Advancing the Choice Conference October 5, 2012

2. + OIL: Not a Fuel for the 21 st Century Threatens Health, Environment and National Security Health: Emissions of Soot, NOx and other Toxics pose significant health risks – respiratory, cardiovascular and more! (Diesel Fumes are now labeled a “known-carcinogen” by the World Health Organization) Climate Change: 27% of Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the U.S. National Security: 46% of our oil comes from OPEC countries

3. + OIL: Supply and Demand Dwindling Resources: 3 Countries (1/3 of all people on earth) vie for Imports Source: EIA USA CHINA INDIA 0 5 10 15 20 25 195019601970198019902000 Million Barrels/ Day Domestic Production Imports Total

4. + The World Population Crunch… … 202,000 more people per day

5. + The Clean Fuels Revolution Has Started The 10 Million Trucks and Buses 4% of all road vehicles consuming 23% of road fuel!

6. + Trucks & Buses Shifting To Natural Gas: Cleaner, Quieter & Cheaper Fuel Fleets, Communities & Drivers Love Them

7. + WHAT’S NEXT? RENEWABLE NATURAL GAS Fossil Gas and RNG are chemically similar (CH 4 ) Use the same infrastructure (pipelines, compressors, refueling stations) & engine technology so can be blended They can power the same vehicles! The major difference: RNG is “sustainable” 1) Renewable- made from waste – NO DRILLING, 2) virtually free of soot emissions, and 3) close to zero carbon footprint

8. + The Pathway from Organic Waste to RNG Renewable Natural Gas (RNG) How’s it made? From Organic Wastes

9. + RNG: Vast Feedstocks: Urban & Rural Landfills 1,750 Wastewater Treatment Plants 17,500 Dairies 8,000 and Farms Commercial Food Waste Residential Food & Yard Wastes

10. + RNG: The Closest to Zero Carbon Footprint TODAY Derived from C.A. Resources Board LCFS, 2009.

11. + RNG Vehicle Fuel: What’s Happening? Europe – Hundreds of Projects (Sweden, Denmark, Norway, Finland, Germany, Italy, Switzerland, Spain…) U.S. – Only 9 Operational Projects : 6 Landfill, 1 Dairy, 1 Stand-Alone Digester & 1 WWTP The Technology to produce RNG Vehicle Fuel is Commercial: whether refined from landfill gas or in anaerobic digesters.

12. + Fair Oaks Dairy (IN) Manure from 11,500 cows produces fuel (> 1.5 Million gallons/years) to power 42 long-haul milk delivery trucks hauling 300,000 gallons of milk per day!

13. + Altamont Landfill (CA) Largest Facility to convert landfill gas to liquefied natural gas (LNG) to fuel close to 400 WM refuse trucks, reducing carbon emissions by 30,000 tons per year

14. + Janesville Wastewater Plant (WI) The City of Janesville is upgrading digester gas to fuel 10-15 municipal light-duty CNG vehicles at an on-site refueling station

15. + City of Surrey (British Columbia) 2 nd Largest City in BC (470,000 residents) Introduced closed-loop waste management plan: 1) Mandated Natural Gas Trucks 2) Collection of Source- Separated Organics 3) Build Anaerobic Digester 4) Produce RNG Vehicle Fuel for the refuse fleet. By 2014: Wastestream cut by 75% (23% recycling; 51%; separated organics

16. + Project Economics: Many Site Specific Factors Extracting as from Landfill wastes? Organic wastes available to process in digesters? Need to transport the organics? Technology needed to refine the collected biogases? Finding the Fleets to purchase the fuel? Getting the fuel to the fleets? Type of refueling station built? Availability of economic incentives? Private capital?

17. + FOURTH LARGEST DAIRY HERD IN THE U.S. FOURTH LARGEST DAIRY HERD IN THE U.S. $3 BILLION /yr FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY $3 BILLION /yr FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY 27 LARGE LANDFILLS 27 LARGE LANDFILLS 600 SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANTS 600 SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANTS Communities can be the game changers : Communities can be the game changers : Mandate use of “ natural gas ” trucks Mandate use of “ natural gas ” trucks Inventory rural, residential, and local business wastes Inventory rural, residential, and local business wastes Assess costs and savings of conversion to fuel Assess costs and savings of conversion to fuel Potential to become fuel producers/sellers Support federal and state economic incentives Support federal and state economic incentives NY STATE: RIPE FOR “RNG” Clean Fuel – Less Waste

18. + For more……. Energy Vision 138 East 13 St, NY,NY 10003 138 East 13 St, NY,NY 10003 212 228-0225 Underwood@energy-vision.orgwww.energy-vision.org Twitter: @Energy_Vision