1. Human Factors In Air Traffic Management Prof. Rajkumar S. Pant Aerospace Engineering Department IIT Bombay

2. What are Human Factors? Cognition Mental Model Situational Awareness Decision- making Aptitudes Ability Knowledge Skills Attitudes Behaviour Communication Team Work Adaptability Culture Performance Experience Motivation Human Error Stress Source: Johan, K.J.& Hansen, E. R., European Air Traffic Control Harmonisation and Integration Programme, HUM.ET1.ST13.4000-REP-01/1998

3. Problems in Human dependent Approach PhysicalMentalEmotional Slow Reaction Time Lack of Energy/ weakness Nodding off / Head bobbing Difficulty Concentrating on various Tasks Lapses in attention Failure to anticipate events/ actions Quiet or Withdrawn from normal Lack of motivation Heightened Emotional Sensitivity Result Source: Avers, K & Johnson, W B, Review of FAA Fatigue Research by, Aviation Psychology and Applied Human Factors, 1(2):87-98/2011

4. Problems in Machine Dependent Approach Formation of New Errors Cognitive Influence Trust (Mistrust or Over trust) Skill Degradation Loss of team co-operation Source: Johan, K.J.& Hansen, E. R., European Air Traffic Control Harmonisation and Integration Programme, HUM.ET1.ST13.4000-REP-01/1998

5. Human + Machine Humans are Good at:Machines are Good at: Detecting small amount of visual, auditory or chemical energy Being sensitive to an extremely wide variety of stimuli Improvising and using flexible Procedures Perceiving patterns and making generalisations about them Reasoning inductively Exercising judgement Monitoring (both Human and Machine) Performing routine or repetitive tasks Storing and recalling large amounts of information rapidly Responding quickly to control signals Doing many complex operations at once Reasoning deductively Source: Johan, K.J.& Hansen, E. R., European Air Traffic Control Harmonisation and Integration Programme, HUM.ET1.ST13.4000-REP-01/1998

6. Human Factors Methods For Identifying Operational Issues Approaches to Managing Fatigue Monitoring Normal Operation Reporting Systems ATS Investigations Source: Lindeis A, “Human Factors and Operational Issues in Air Traffic Management”, In E. Salas and D Mourino, (Eds), Human Factor in Aviation, 2nd Edition, Academic Press, Elsevier, ISBN 978-0-12-374518-7, 2010.

7. CASE STUDY ACC & OCC in Mumbai FIR